Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Properties of Enhydra fluctuans Lour: a Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: Enhydra fluctuans Lour, a tropical herb, commonly known as helencha or harkuch, belonging to family Asteraceae, and is an edible semi-aquatic herbaceous vegetable plant with serrate leaves, grows commonly in different parts of the world. Enhydra fluctuans possesses potential pharmacological role against inflammation, cancer, diarrhea, microbial infection, diabetes, and so on. Aim of the review: This review aims to provide the most current information on the botanical characterization, distribution, traditional uses, chemical constituents, as well as the pharmacological activities of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Materials and methods: The recently updated information on Enhydra fluctuans was gathered from scientific journals, books, and worldwide accepted scientific databases via a library and electronic search (PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley online library. All of the full-text articles and abstracts related to Enhydra were screened. The most important and relevant articles were carefully chosen for study in this review. Results: Crude extracts and isolated compounds of Enhydra fluctuans Lour has been reported pharmacologically active against cytoprotective, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-diarrhoeal, antihelmintic, CNS depressant, hepatoprotective, thrombolytic, antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, phagocytic and cytotoxic, and neuroprotective potential activities. Discussion: Phytochemical analysis from different studies has reported Germacranolide, Sesquiterpene lactone, Flavonoid, Essential oil, Steroid, Diterpenoid, Melampolide, Sesquiterpene lactone, Isoflavone glycoside as major compounds of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Conclusions: However, more research is important to explore the mode of action of bioactive components of the plant and its therapeutic capabilities.

Potential Medicinal Plant Species For Fever Used by Minangkabau Ethnic at Nagari Taruang-Taruang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

“…This finding reinforces and increases the interest and potential use of medicinal plants as a nutraceutical and pharmacological agent (Loganayaki et al, 2013). The extract of E. fluctuans has been reported to be pharmacologically active against cytoprotective, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, thrombolytic, anti-oxidant, phagocytic and cytotoxic, and has neuroprotective potential activities (Barua et al, 2020).…”

Medicinal plants from Gangetic plains of West Bengal and yoga for the management of lifestyle diseases

“…A semi-aquatic herb, growing near ponds, ditch, fish ponds; prostrate, leaves opposite, sessile, linear oblong; stem elongate, roots arising from nodes; Flowers heads with white and violet asters. Plant and leaves are used inflammation, cancer, and diabetes [14] . Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.)…”

Effects of Smallanthus sonchifolius Flour on Metabolic Parameters: A Systematic Review

“…Caffeic acid Metabolic effects: antidiabetic; other effects: antidepressant, anticancer, and antiviral [35,36] Chlorogenic acid Metabolic effects: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic [37,38] Enhydrin Metabolic effects: antidiabetic and antioxidant; other effects: antimicrobial [39,40] Ferulic acid Metabolic effects: antidiabetic; other effects: antimicrobial and anti-carcinogenic [41,42] Melampolide Metabolic effects: antioxidant and reduces angiogenesis; other effects: antimicrobial, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and increased cell apoptosis [43,44] Phenolic acid Metabolic effects: anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant; other effects: antimicrobial and anticancer [45,46] Uvedafolin Metabolic effects: antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory; other effects: anti-bacterial (against Anthracis and MRSA) and anticancer [47,48] Additionally, some studies suggest that yacon may help protect the liver from damage caused by toxic substances, also due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [8,49].…”