Phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and future research of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl: A review

Wang, Zhaoyi; Xia, Qing; Liu, Xin; Liu, Wenxue; Huang, Wanzhen; Xue, Mei; Liu, Jun; Shan, Mingxu; Lin, Rui‐Chao; Zou, Dixin; Ma, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.040

Cited by 194 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Furthermore, medications used for the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses have a neuroprotective effects, such as in erysipelas therapy. 27,28 Inflammatory dermatoses may also have an unknown protective effect regarding dementia, although this has to be resolved in further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological disorders are associated with bullous pemphigoid

Papakonstantinou

Limberg

Gehring

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease with an increased incidence particularly among the elderly. Several studies have recently reported an association between BP and neurological disorders.Objective To evaluate the association between BP and neurological disorders in a single centre in Germany. MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 183 patients with BP (diagnosed between 2011 and 2015) and 348 age-and sex-matched controls for neurological disorders. The latter were confirmed either by a neurologist or psychiatrist. ResultsOverall, there was a highly statistically significant association between BP and neurological disorders (P < 0.0001). These included dementia (P < 0.0001), Parkinson`s disease (P = 0.0434), stroke (P = 0.0015) and other neurological disorders but not Alzheimer's diseases, which was more common among patients in the control group.Conclusion Our cohort of bullous pemphigoid and neurological disorders demonstrates a significant association between bullous pemphigoid and neurological disorders, including dementia, Parkinson's disease and stroke. These observations support the need for future studies in order to elucidate the immunological mechanisms responsible for these comorbidities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological disorders are associated with bullous pemphigoid

Papakonstantinou

Limberg

Gehring

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…The detoxifying effects are attributed to the antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer activities of Forsythiae fructus. In addition, the remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of Forsythiae fructus contribute to its anti-cancer and neuroprotective activities [16]. Experiments have shown that phillyrin isolated from Forsythia has potential protective effects against infection caused by the influenza A virus [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Xinjiaxiangruyin on the TLR7 pathway in influenza virus-infected lungs of mice housed in a hygrothermal environment

Yan

Zheng

et al. 2019

Chin Med

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Background To investigate the effects and immunological mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicine Xinjiaxiangruyin on controlling influenza virus (FM1 strain) infection in mice housed in a hygrothermal environment. Methods Mice were housed in normal and hygrothermal environments, and intranasally infected with influenza virus (FM1). A high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of Xinjiaxiangruyin was used to provide an analytical method for quality control. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure messenger RNA expression of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in the TLR7 signaling pathway and virus replication in the lungs. Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 proteins. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17/T-regulatory cells. Results Xinjiaxiangruyin effectively alleviated lung inflammation in C57BL/6 mice in hot and humid environments. Guizhimahuanggebantang significantly reduced lung inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. The expression of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 mRNA in lung tissue of WT mice in the normal environment, GZMHGBT group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05). In WT mice exposed to the hot and humid environment, the expression levels of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 mRNA in the XJXRY group were significantly different from those in the virus group. The expression levels of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 protein in lung tissue of WT mice exposed to the normal environment, GZMHGBT group was significantly lower than those in the model group. In WT mice exposed to hot and humid environments, the expression levels of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 protein in XJXRY group were significantly different from those in the virus group. Conclusion Guizhimahuanggebantang demonstrated a satisfactory therapeutic effect on mice infected with the influenza A virus (FM1 strain) in a normal environment, and Xinjiaxiangruyin demonstrated a clear therapeutic effect in damp and hot environments and may play a protective role against influenza through downregulation of the TLR7 signal pathway.

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“…Lonicera japonica attenuates the expression of TNF-a, IL-6, and iNOS via downregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, and it enhances the expression of IL-10 by increasing Sp1 phosphorylation (11). Forsythiae Fructus suppresses the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB pathways to decrease the production of TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (12). Flos Lonicera, Forsythia Fructus, and Radix Platycodon combinations have synergistic antiinflammatory action by alleviating pathological changes in the respiratory system and by reducing inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (13).…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Administration of forsythoside gelsiccation powder to SD rats yielded negative results in terms of teratogenicity (63). However, one of the active constituents of Forsythiae Fructus, forsythiaside, caused acute toxicity in mice (IC 50 = 1.98 g/kg) (12).…”

Section: Status Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%