Phytochemistry of ginsenosides: Recent advancements and emerging roles

Chopra, Priyanka; Chhillar, Himanshu; Kim, Yujin; Jo, Ick-Hyun; Kim, Sun Tae; Gupta, Ravi

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1952159

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…PPDG (Rb 1 , Rb 2 , Rb 3 , Rc, Rd, F 2 , etc.) are the type of ginsenosides containing a dammarane-type triterpene ring and different sugar groups . To date, various approaches have been explored for the deglycosylation of ginsenosides, such as thermal treatment, acid–base treatment, microbiological transformation, and enzymatic catalysis. ,− However, the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds by heat or acid–base treatment is random, which leads to the structure and type of products being hard to predict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial Enzymatic Catalysis for Bioproduction of Ginsenoside Compound K

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is an emerging functional food or pharmaceutical product. To date, there are still challenges to exploring effective catalytic enzymes for enzyme-catalyzed manufacturing processes and establishing enzyme-catalyzed processes. Herein, we identified three ginsenoside hydrolases BG07 (glucoamylase), BG19 (β-glucosidase), and BG23 (β-glucosidase) from Aspergillus tubingensis JE0609 by transcriptome analysis and peptide mass fingerprinting. Among them, BG23 was expressed in Komagataella phaffii with a high volumetric activity of 235.73 U mL–1 (pNPG). Enzymatic property studies have shown that BG23 is an acidic (pH adaptation range of 4.5–7.0) and mesophilic (thermostable < 50 °C) enzyme. Moreover, a one-pot combinatorial enzyme-catalyzed strategy based on BG23 and BGA35 (β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae) was established, with a high CK yield of 396.7 mg L–1 h–1. This study explored the ginsenoside hydrolases derived from A. tubingensis at the molecular level and provided a reference for the efficient production of CK.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial Enzymatic Catalysis for Bioproduction of Ginsenoside Compound K

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Chinese Pharmacopoeia included four kinds of plants derived from the genus Panax (ginseng; American ginseng; Panax notoginseng; Panax ginseng). At present, there have been more than 6000 reports on ginsenosides [4][5][6] which shows that plants of the genus Panax play an important role in the field of medicine [7]. In recent years, with the development of analytical technology, macromolecular substances have attracted much attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Extraction, Isolation, Structural Analysis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides from Panax Genus

et al. 2023

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The panax genus is a widely used medicinal plant with good biological activity. As one of the main active components of the Panax genus, polysaccharides have various pharmacological effects. This review summarizes the latest research reports on ginseng, American ginseng, and Panax notoginseng polysaccharides and compares the differences in extraction, isolation and purification, structural characteristics, and biological activities. The current research mainly focuses on ginseng polysaccharides, and the process of extraction, isolation, and structure analysis of each polysaccharide is roughly the same. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that these polysaccharides have antioxidants, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, intestinal protection, skin repair, and other biological activities. This review provides new insights into the differences between the three kinds of ginseng polysaccharides which will help to further study the medicinal value of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine.

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“…Among the different crops cultivated globally, traditional medicinal plants are also the focus of farmers because they are utilized widely as remedies for human diseases and for their perceived health benefits [ 5 ]. Ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer) has been used for thousands of years in East Asian countries due to its many active constituents, including the well-reported ginsenosides [ 6 ]. More than 200 ginsenosides have been identified and characterized for their appreciable pharmacological and medicinal properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and anti-cardiovascular activities [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Critical Role of the Glycosyl Hydrolase 17 Protein in Panax ginseng Leaves under Salt Stress

Jung

Min

Jang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Ginseng, an important crop in East Asia, exhibits multiple medicinal and nutritional benefits because of the presence of ginsenosides. On the other hand, the ginseng yield is severely affected by abiotic stressors, particularly salinity, which reduces yield and quality. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the ginseng yield during salinity stress, but salinity stress-induced changes in ginseng are poorly understood, particularly at the proteome-wide level. In this study, we report the comparative proteome profiles of ginseng leaves at four different time points (mock, 24, 72, and 96 h) using a label-free quantitative proteome approach. Of the 2484 proteins identified, 468 were salt-responsive. In particular, glycosyl hydrolase 17 (PgGH17), catalase-peroxidase 2, voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-2, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase class 1, and chlorophyll a-b binding protein accumulated in ginseng leaves in response to salt stress. The heterologous expression of PgGH17 in Arabidopsis thaliana improved the salt tolerance of transgenic lines without compromising plant growth. Overall, this study uncovers the salt-induced changes in ginseng leaves at the proteome level and highlights the critical role of PgGH17 in salt stress tolerance in ginseng.

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Phytochemistry of ginsenosides: Recent advancements and emerging roles

Cited by 43 publications

References 254 publications

Combinatorial Enzymatic Catalysis for Bioproduction of Ginsenoside Compound K

Combinatorial Enzymatic Catalysis for Bioproduction of Ginsenoside Compound K

Research Progress on Extraction, Isolation, Structural Analysis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides from Panax Genus

Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Critical Role of the Glycosyl Hydrolase 17 Protein in Panax ginseng Leaves under Salt Stress

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