Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Celastrus paniculatus Wild.: a nootropic drug

Abstract

Objectives Celastrus paniculatus Wild is an evergreen climbing shrub. The plant is of great significance in the traditional Indian System of Medicine, such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. The seeds and their oil are extensively used to treat neurological disorders such as cognitive dysfunction, paralysis, epilepsy, insomnia, and other ailments like rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica, and leprosy. This paper aims to highlight the nootropic activity of C. paniculatus and explore its phytochemistry, traditional uses, and other pharmacological activities. Methods All available information concerning C. paniculatus has been searched in the internationally accepted scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional knowledge was gathered from the classical Textbooks and Unani Pharmacopoeia. Results C. paniculatus is a rich source of several secondary metabolites, such as β-Dihydroagarofuranoids sesquiterpenes, alkaloids (Celastrine, Celapanin, Celapagin, and paniculatin), flavonoids, terpenoid (β-amyrin, Lupeol, Pristimerin), sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, α-tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol), fatty acid (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids) and non-fatty acids (Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid). The various study shows that the extracts and active constituent of this plant possess potent nootropic activity. Besides nootropic activity, it has also been reported for anti-Alzheimer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, gastroprotective, anti-psoriatic, wound healing, antibacterial, antimalarial, and several other properties. Conclusions Several in vitro and in vivo trials confirm the conventional use of C. paniculatus in cognitive dysfunction. However, the relations between the possible mechanisms of other activities and traditional uses of the C. paniculatus remain indistinct. Still, pharmacological studies also explored the effects of C. paniculatus, which were not recognized in ancient times, such as cytotoxic, ACE inhibitor, and antidiabetic activities. These discoveries are may be beneficial in the development of the new drug to treat various diseases. It is also confirmed that the β-dihydroagarofuranoids exhibit significant AChE inhibitory, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and insecticidal effects. This versatile medicine is truly a life elixir. Considering the therapeutic importance of the C. paniculatus and the absence of any reported clinical studies, extensive clinical trials are needed to explore its memory enhancing and other activities.

Evaluation of the pharmacological effects and exploration of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Ciwujia tablets in treating insomnia based on ethology, energy metabolism, and urine metabolomic approaches

“…It has been demonstrated in some clinical studies that riboflavin effectively inhibits frailty syndromes including sleep disorders ( Esipov et al, 2019 ), alleviates insomnia, anxiety, and stress, and improves the quality of life of patients ( Abbaszadeh et al, 2021 ). Alpha-linolenic acid is also commonly used in the treatment of nervous system diseases, such as insomnia, cognitive impairment, and paralysis ( Aleem, 2021 ). The production and intake of unsaturated fatty acids also have a specific impact on insomnia ( Cheng et al, 2016 ; Dai and Liu, 2021 ).…”

The study of pharmacological and pharmacodynamic actions of Herbal Medhya Plants in Manas-Vikara’s

“…Overall it suggests that the methanolic extract of Celatrus panniculatus contains some active principles which possesses antiepileptic activity. Antidepressantactivity [25] -Celastrus paniculatus seed oil showed significant antidepressant-like activity in both unstressed and chronic unpredictable mild stressed mice due to inhibition of MAO-A activity decrease in plasma nitrite levels and through scavenging of free radicles.…”

“…Neuro Protectiveactivity [25] -G.Lekha et al-The study done using Jyotishmati seed oil for the estimation of Acetylchoiline esterase(AchE) activity where CP oil was administered in rodents in a dose of 400mg/kg/body weight. There was a significant decrease in AchE activity asseyed from hypothalamus,frontal cortex and hippocampus thus leading to stablize the cognitive function of brain.…”

Hypoglycaemic, Hypolipidaemic and Antioxidant Properties of Celastrus paniculatus Seed Extract in STZ-induced Diabetic Rats

“…13 C. paniculatus is also used against ulcers, scabies, pruritus, wounds, skin diseases, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, inflammation and epilepsy. 14,15 Compounds extracted from C. paniculatus show multiple pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-ageing, antioxidative and neuroprotective activities. 16 Hence, the present in vivo study explored the antioxidative, hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic potential of C. paniculatus methanolic seed extract (CPMSE) in highfat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM rats.…”