Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus <i>Gentiana</i> (Gentianaceae)

Pan, Yu; Zhao, Yanli; Zhang, Ji; Li, Wanyi; Wang, Yuanzhong

doi:10.1002/cbdv.201500333

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Genus Gentiana is one of the largest groups in Gentianaceae, comprising 360 species that are widespread across Northwest of Africa, Europe, America, East of Australia, and Asia [1]. Many species of this genus have significant economic value and they are widely used by the food and pharmaceutical industries in the world [2][3][4]. In Europe, G. lutea (Yellow Gentian) are traditional materials for alcoholic bitter beverages and have a function of being appetite stimulating and improving digestion [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, G. lutea (Yellow Gentian) are traditional materials for alcoholic bitter beverages and have a function of being appetite stimulating and improving digestion [4,5]. In Asia, Gentiana has a long history in use for medicine [2,3,6]. Places, including Iran, Mongolia, Japan and Korea have literature and details about nature and the of medicinal Gentiana plants found in these countries [3,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical and pharmacological researches have indicated that the composition of bioactive compounds is diverse according to different Gentiana species [2,6]. Until now, more than 500 secondary metabolites have been isolated from approximately 60 species [2]. Those compounds, including iridoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other types of secondary metabolites [2,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization

Shen

Wang

2020

Molecules

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Gentiana, which is one of the largest genera of Gentianoideae, most of which had potential pharmaceutical value, and applied to local traditional medical treatment. Because of the phytochemical diversity and difference of bioactive compounds among species, which makes it crucial to accurately identify authentic Gentiana species. In this paper, the feasibility of using the infrared spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics analysis to identify Gentiana and its related species was studied. A total of 180 batches of raw spectral fingerprints were obtained from 18 species of Gentiana and Tripterospermum by near-infrared (NIR: 10,000–4000 cm−1) and Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR: 4000–600 cm−1) spectrum. Firstly, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to explore the natural grouping of the 180 samples. Secondly, random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) models were built while using full spectra (including 1487 NIR variables and 1214 FT-MIR variables, respectively). The MIR-SVM model had a higher classification accuracy rate than the other models that were based on the results of the calibration sets and prediction sets. The five feature selection strategies, VIP (variable importance in the projection), Boruta, GARF (genetic algorithm combined with random forest), GASVM (genetic algorithm combined with support vector machine), and Venn diagram calculation, were used to reduce the dimensions of the data variable in order to further reduce numbers of variables for modeling. Finally, 101 NIR and 73 FT-MIR bands were selected as the feature variables, respectively. Thirdly, stacking models were built based on the optimal spectral dataset. Most of the stacking models performed better than the full spectra-based models. RF and SVM (as base learners), combined with the SVM meta-classifier, was the optimal stacked generalization strategy. For the SG-Ven-MIR-SVM model, the accuracy (ACC) of the calibration set and validation set were both 100%. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), efficiency (EFF), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (K) were all 1, which showed that the model had the optimal authenticity identification performance. Those parameters indicated that stacked generalization combined with feature selection is probably an important technique for improving the classification model predictive accuracy and avoid overfitting. The study result can provide a valuable reference for the safety and effectiveness of the clinical application of medicinal Gentiana.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization

Shen

Wang

2020

Molecules

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“…structures of compounds 2, 3, and 4 were determined on the basis of the spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data as djalonenol[7] [8], decussatin 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside[9], and dotriacontanoic acid[10], respectively.Compound 1 was isolated as brown oil and its high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrum (HRESIMS) showed a pseudomolecular ion peak [M + Na] + at m/z 221.0789 (calcd 221.0784) consistent with the molecular formula C 10 H 14 O 4 , indicating four degrees of unsaturation. The infra-red (IR) spectrum indicated the presence of carbonyl group due to absorption band at 1750 cm −1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Anthocleistenolide B, a New Secoiridoid from <i>Anthocleista liebrechtsiana</i> De Wild & T. Durand

Ngouafong¹,

Tchuenguem²,

Kühlborn³

et al. 2019

ABC

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Drug resistance due to the extensive abuse and over-use of antibiotics has become an increasingly serious problem and researchers started to use plants as an alternative source of new antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial properties of secondary metabolites isolated from A. liebrechtsiana. A new secoiridoid derivative, anthocleistenolide B (1), along with three known compounds, the monoterpene diol, djalonenol (2), the xanthone O-glycoside, decussatin 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and the fatty acid, dotriacontanoic acid (4) was isolated from the leaves and bark of this plant. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and mass spectrometric data. The isolated compounds were screened for their antimicrobial properties against five strains of bacteria (two gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25922 and three gram negative: Escherichia coli ATCC51299, Proteus mirabilis (isolate), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa QC76110), but all were inactive.

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A new and effective evaluation method for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae herbs based on 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine by UPLC–QTOF–MS exploring and HPLC–DAD quantification

Liu

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae (RGM) is a traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the Gentiana genus and including four species of herbs. Owing to the lack of characteristic constituents, it is difficult to discriminate RGMs of different origins or even differentiate between herbs in the same genus. The current research aimed to explore the characteristic aromatic compounds, verify their significance in distinguishing different origins of RGM herbs and provide a simple and effective quality evaluation method. A selective extraction method was developed for noniridoid compounds and the extract was then subjected to UPLC–QTOF–MS analysis to obtain the RGM–MS ion pair database for noniridoid components. An HPLC–DAD quantitative analysis method was further developed based on characteristic aromatic compounds (2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine) after the ion screening in the MS database. By means of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis analysis, the significant relationship between aromatic compounds contents and different species of RGM was revealed. As a result, the significance of 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine in distinguishing four species of RGM herbs was verified and a sensitive and reproducible HPLC–DAD method was established using these markers, which can be used for the classification and quantitative analysis of RGMs.

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Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Gentiana (Gentianaceae)

Cited by 67 publications

References 172 publications

Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization

Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization

Anthocleistenolide B, a New Secoiridoid from <i>Anthocleista liebrechtsiana</i> De Wild & T. Durand

A new and effective evaluation method for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae herbs based on 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine by UPLC–QTOF–MS exploring and HPLC–DAD quantification

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Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Gentiana (Gentianaceae)

Cited by 67 publications

References 172 publications

Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization

Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization

Anthocleistenolide B, a New Secoiridoid from &lt;i&gt;Anthocleista liebrechtsiana&lt;/i&gt; De Wild &amp; T. Durand

A new and effective evaluation method for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae herbs based on 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine by UPLC–QTOF–MS exploring and HPLC–DAD quantification

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Anthocleistenolide B, a New Secoiridoid from <i>Anthocleista liebrechtsiana</i> De Wild & T. Durand