Phytochemicals and antioxidative enzymes defence mechanism on occurrence of yellow vein mosaic disease of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)

Abstract

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) samples showing yellow vein mosaic disease in Varanasi region were identified with begomovirus infection using PCR amplification. A sequencing analysis of the full genome revealed that it is a strain of Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (GenBank ID. FJ931537). Phytochemical composition and antioxidative enzyme levels were compared in infected and healthy plants. The study revealed that the amount of total protein declined in the infected leaves but elevated up to 135 % in the fruits of infected plants, whereas vitamin C and antioxidants declined in infected leaves as well as fruits. There was substantial increase in total phenol content in leaves (72 %) and fruits (300 %) of infected plants. In infected samples, substantial increase in activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) was observed as compared to the uninfected control plants. The native PAGE showed alterations in the intensities of isozyme bands in the infected plants. The APX, GPX, CAT, SOD and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) bands were intense in the infected plants, whereas the GR isozyme showed reduced intensity in diseased plants.

Comparative Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Infected by Alternaria alternata and Its Toxic Metabolites (TeA, AOH, and AME)

“…A modified method of Jaiswal et al (2013) was used for isoenzyme profiling of SOD. Native PAGE was carried out by 10% polyacrylamide gels.…”

“…The imbalances found between ROS production and its scavenging by antioxidative enzymes in leaves may reflect defense strategy shown by plants or develop into pathogen success. Defense enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GR, glutathione- S -transferase (GST), APx, guaiacol peroxidase (GPx), and peroxidases (POx), as well as some non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), tocopherols, carotenoids, ascorbate, flavonoids, proline, and other phenolic compounds ( Gill and Tuteja, 2010 ; Sharma et al, 2012 ; Kapoor et al, 2015 ) as it was reported that the activities of defense-related enzymes found to increase several folds during environmental stresses ( Jaiswal et al, 2013 ). CAT, play an important role in detoxifying the activated oxygen species ( Sharma et al, 2012 ) and breakdown peroxide molecules to oxygen and water ( Das and Roychoudhury, 2014 ).…”

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flavonoids: hesperidin, naringin and diosmin, and their antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity

“…These phytochemicals include secondary metabolites viz. carotenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids [12]. The secondary metabolites have polyhydroxy group which is responsible for their strong antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging property, and may also play a major role in the reduction of metal ions into nanoparticles [13].…”

Growth and Physiological Responses of Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A.DC. Plug Seedlings to Day and Night Temperature Regimes

“…Only one isozyme in our study may be due to a high turnover rate in plant organ and a much lower affinity with H 2 O 2 compared with APX and GPX [81]. Another reason probably is that moderate temperature regime reduced expression of CAT isozymes [82]. Meanwhile, three forms of GPX isozymes were separated in all three treatment ( Figure 5C).…”

“…Our data imply that multiple isozymes of APX come into play in this process. For example, Jaiswal et al [82] showed a different expression of APX isozymes between healthy and infected pumpkin leaves by native PAGE. Ahn et al [83] found a diverse expression of APX isozymes among cultivars of apple.…”