Phytochemical Screening by LC-ESI-MS/MS and Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Leaves and Stems of Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. on Ketamine-Induced Erectile Dysfunction in Rats

Abstract

Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. L is also known as “huanarpo macho” and used in the Peruvian traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac and erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents in leaves and stems ethyl acetate fraction (LEAF and SEAF) of J. macrantha and to compare the antioxidant activity and the ameliorative effect on ketamine-induced erectile dysfunction in rats. The phytochemical constituents were determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS, the total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids (TPC and TF) by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Experimental groups were divided as follows: I: negative control; II: positive control (ketamine at 50 mg/ kg/d); III: sildenafil 5 mg/kg; IV, V, VI: LEAF at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, and VII, VIII, IX: SEAF at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence mainly of coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. TPC of LEAF and SEAF were 359 ± 5.21 mg GAE/g and 306 ± 1.93 mg GAE/g, respectively; TF in LEAF and SEAF were 23.7 ± 0.80 mg EQ/g, and 101 ± 1.42 mg EQ/g, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS, FRAP in SEAF were 647 ± 3.27; 668 ± 2.30; and 575 ± 2.86 μmol TE/g, respectively, whilst LEAF showed 796 ± 3.15; 679 ± 0.85; and 806 ± 3.42 μmol TE/g, respectively. Regarding sexual behavior, LEAF showed a better effect in mount frequency, intromission frequency, ejaculation frequency, mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculatory latency, and post ejaculatory latency than SEAF. As conclusion, LEAF of J. macrantha at 50 mg/kg showed a better effect on sexual behavior in male rats with erectile dysfunction than SEAF but not higher than sildenafil.

Chitosan/Gelatin Scaffolds Loaded with Jatropha mollissima Extract as Potential Skin Tissue Engineering Materials

“…Studies have indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins and lignins in J. gossypiifolia and J. curcas [ 39 , 40 ]. Other studies have shown the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins and condensed tannins in the extract of J. curcas leaves [ 41 ], and flavonoids and polyphenols in the ethyl acetate fraction of leaves and roots of J. macranta [ 42 ]. Other authors have also reported similar results [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], indicating that they align with the results found here.…”

“…In their results, the acetate fraction showed the highest concentrations, with 685 μg·mg −1 for phenols, 25.90 μg·mg −1 for flavonoids and 15.63 μg·mg −1 for tannins. Tinco-Jayo et al [ 42 ] estimated the concentration of phenolics in the range of 359 and 306 mg·g -1 and flavonoids in the range of 101–23.7 mg·g −1 in the ethyl acetate fraction of J. macrantha leaves.…”

Antioxidant Activity-Guided Isolation of Phenolic Compounds from Leaves of Vitex pinnata (Lamiaceae)

“…It indicated that V. pinnata Linn leaves have a wide range of semi-polar compounds, such as polyphenolic compounds of flavonoids [37][38]. High contents of phenolic content in the ethyl acetate fractions were also reported by Shafie et al [39] working with Vitex pinnata leaves (33.1 ± 0.1 mg QE/g), de Brum et al [40] working with Vitex megapotamica leaves (522.4 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g), Gothai et al [41] with Moringa oleifera leaves (65.81 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g ), Lasboi et al [42] with Muntingia calabura L leaves (74.90 mg GAE/g), Okselni et al [43] with Elaeocarpus mastersii Kings roots, leaves, and stem bark (362.88 ± 1.89 mg GAE/g, 380.99 ± 2.14 mg GAE/g, and 341.89 ± 3.97 mg GAE/g ), and studies Tinco-Jayo et al [44] with Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. L leaves and stems (359 ± 5.21 mg GAE/g and 306 ± 1.93 mg GAE/g).…”

Methyl jasmonate enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of the adventitious roots in Abeliophyllum distichum by increasing the production of polyphenolic compounds

“…Phytochemical analyses have identified polyphenolic compounds such as coumaric acid and ferulic acid as biologically active compounds in A. distichum (Kim and Lee, 2015;Choi et al, 2017;Yoo et al, 2021). In addition, positive and strong correlations between the polyphenolic contents of EtOAc fractions and their pharmaceutical activities have been reported in various plant extracts (Kim et al, 2014;Tinco-Jayo et al, 2021;Loh et al, 2022). Therefore, we hypothesized that MeJA improves the production of polyphenolic compounds, resulting in enhanced antiinflammatory effects of AdAR.…”