Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Ammi visnaga</i> L. Extracts

Abstract

Ammi visnaga L. extracts were examined for the presence of phytochemicals, antimicrobial activities, and scavenging potentials. The aerial part of this plant underwent warm extraction using three different solvents: hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and reducing sugars in the ethanolic extract. In the dichloromethane extract, polyphenols and glycosides were identified, while in the hexane extract, polyphenols, flavonoids, and glycosides were detected. Antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion method. Results indicate that the dichloromethane extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition, measuring 10 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded as 10 µL/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was below 10 µL/mL. However, no antimicrobial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Additionally, antioxidant activity was examined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle) assay. The ethanolic extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant power with an IC50 value of 0.843 ± 0.199 mg/ mL against 0.095 ± 0.009 mg/mL of ascorbic acid which is used as a reference.