Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Aloe buettneri, Mitracarpus scaber and Hannoa undulata used in Togolese Cosmetopoeia

Abstract

Background: Aloe buettneri, Mitracarpus scaber and Hannoa undulata are three plants species used in the Togolese traditional medicine to cure dermatosis. This study aims at assessing their anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities on acne-developing micro-organisms.
 Methods: Six micro-organisms including Cutibacterium acnes ATCC 6919, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213; and Candida albicans ATCC 35659 were used. Inhibition diameter was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory and minimum microbicidal concentrations have been achieved through the liquid dilution method. Anti-oxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH antiradical scaving and FRAP methods. Phytochemical screening was also realized.
 Results: All the microorganism’s strains tested, excepted Candida albicans and Escherichia coli, were susceptible to plants extracts at 250 mg/mL in the agar well diffusion assay with inhibition diameters ranging from 12.10 ± 0.07 to 18.20 ± 0.10 mm. The MICs values were comprised between 15.625 mg/mL and 62.5 mg/mL, when MMCs ranged from 31.25 to 125 mg/mL. At the concentration of 500 µg/mL, the scavenging properties on DPPH radicals were 49.20 ± 0.15% for H. undulata, 41.29 ± 0.51% for A. buettneri, 59.57 ± 0.41% for M. scaber and 87.22 ± 0.03% for Quercetin. For FRAP assay, the effective concentration (EC50) of A. buettneri, M. scaber and H. undulata extracts were 977.44 ± 1.13 µg/mL; 267.74 ± 10.13 µg/mL and, 272.54 ± 12.87 µg/mL respectively while quercetin presented the EC50 of 48.63 ± 2.00 µg/mL. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of these species might be required to the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponoside and alkaloids identified by phytochemical screening.
 Conclusion: The three plants extracts are all potential natural antimicrobial and antioxidant candidates for treating acne vulgaris.
 Keywords: Aloe buettneri, Mitracarpus scaber, Hannoa undulata, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, Acne vulgaris

Medicinal Plants for Dermatological Diseases: Ethnopharmacological Significance of Botanicals from West Africa in Skin Care

“…Conversely, some plants were completely inactive, while others had very high MICs, thus making them inactive. For example, the aqueous extract from leaves of Lannea microcarpa was not active in all the skin pathogens tested [134], while the leaves of Sansevieria liberica and the roots of Hannoa undulata had a MIC value of 62.5 mg/mL each [127,151]. Some of these studies have confirmed or validated the ethnobotanical use of the plants, while others did not support their use.…”

Pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal plant extracts in the treatment of dermatological diseases: in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials

“…17 Hydroalcoholic extracts of Mitracarpus scaber,Aloe buettneri and Hannoa udulata have bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties on Cutibacterium acnes and staphylococcus aureus,two main bacteria responsible of acne. 26 Essential oils of Anthemis aciphylla obtained by hydrodistillation showed a weak to moderate inhibitory effect against S. aureus and S. Epidermidis. 27 The extracts of duzhong and yerba mate also reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β.…”

Antifungal Activities of Ocimum gratissimum L. Hydroethanolic Extract against Candida albicans ATCC 35659 and Toxicity Analysis on Oreochromis niloticus Larvae

“…Respectively, the Presumptive Diffusion Test (PDM) onto agar and Broth Dilution Test (BDT) [38,39] were performed to assess the Antifungal Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs). The PDM was used to assess the inhibition activities of the six different concentrations, 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 150 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 250 mg/mL, and 500 mg/mL of Ocimum gratissimum hydroethanolic extract on Candida albicans [40].…”