Phytochemical screening and secondary metabolites toxicity test from toba frankincense leaf (STYRAX paralleoncomud PERK)

Abstract

The secondary metabolites of Toba frankincense leaf (STYRAX paralleoncomud PERK) have been isolated by maceration with n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Ethanol as solvents. The results of phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites in n-hexane extract were high amounts of flavonoids and steoids and low amounts of saponins and tannins, ethyl acetate extract were steroids and tannins in large amounts, moderate amounts of flavonoids and small amounts of saponins and extracts. ethanol, saponins and tannins in large quantities and small amounts of flavonoids. Alkaloids and terpenoids (essential oils) were not detected in the three extracts. It was concluded that the secondary metabolites in incense leaves were: flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. Toxicity test of the three extracts was carried out using the Brine Shrimp Letality Test (BSLT) method with Arthemia salia Lech as a bioindicator with concentration variations: 10, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. The test was carried out with three repetitions with 40 larvae of Arthemia salia Lech each. Toxicity test results obtained Inhibition Concentration ( IC50 ) of n-hexane extract was 1350.95 mg/L (non-toxic), ethyl acetate extract 18.98 mg/L (very toxic) and ethanol fraction 41.20 mg/L (moderate toxicity). Thus the secondary metabolites in the ethyl acetate extract are very potential as drug candidates, while the metabolites in the ethanol extract are quite potential.