Phytochemical Screening and Antinociceptive and Antidiarrheal Activities of Hydromethanol and Petroleum Benzene Extract ofMicrocos paniculataBarks

Abstract

Introduction. Microcos paniculata is traditionally used for treating diarrhea, wounds, cold, fever, hepatitis, dyspepsia, and heat stroke. Objective. To investigate the qualitative phytochemical constituents of hydromethanol (HMPB) and petroleum benzene extract of Microcos paniculata barks (PBMPB) and to evaluate their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities. Methods. Phytochemical constituents and antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities were determined and evaluated by different tests such as Molisch's, Fehling's, Mayer's, Wagner's, Dragendorff's, frothing, FeCl3, alkali, Pew's, and Salkowski's test, general test of glycosides, Baljet and NH4OH test, formalin-induced paw licking, acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion, and hot plate tests, and castor oil and MgSO4 induced diarrheal tests. Results. These extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids and significantly (⁎ P < 0.05, versus control) reduced paw licking and abdominal writhing of mice. At 30 min after their administration, PBMPB revealed significant increase in latency (⁎ P < 0.05, versus control) in tail immersion test. In hot plate test, HMPB and PBMPB 200 mg/kg showed significant increase in response latency (⁎ P < 0.05, versus control) at 30 min after their administration. Moreover, both extracts significantly (⁎ P < 0.05, versus control) inhibited percentage of diarrhea in antidiarrheal models. Conclusion. Study results indicate that M. paniculata may provide a source of plant compounds with antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.

In Vivo Bioactivities of Hoya parasitica (Wall.) and In Silico Study against Cyclooxygenase Enzymes

“…Grouping of the mice was categorized as control and test groups (NHP, EAHP, and MHP, respectively) having five mice in each. Individual mouse of the respective group was subjected to oral administration of test samples at the doses of 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight and noticed for a duration of 14 days for any sign of toxicity through some parameters such as mortality, salivation, noisy breathing, food or water refusal, diarrhea, discharge from eyes and ears, injury, aggressiveness, changes in locomotor activity, pain, weakness, and coma [ 36 ].…”

“…This test was carried out according to the methods of Moushome et al [ 36 ] and Khatun et al [ 43 ]. This approach is based on the principle of extending the time necessary for mice to withdraw their tails from hot water containing morphine-like substances.…”

“…The hot plate test was performed using the Technique of Moushome et al (2016) to assess the mechanism of central-acting analgesics [ 36 , 44 ]. Before testing, mice were put on a hot plate maintained at 55 ± 1°C to be selected based on a cut-off point of 15 seconds.…”

Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities of Fractionated Extracts of Hoya parasitica Wall. Leaves

“…Individual mouse of the respective group was subjected to oral administration of test samples at the doses of 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight and observed for two weeks to monitor a variety of parameters including mortality, noisy breathing, diarrhea, injury, changes in locomotor activity, salivation, pain, discharge from eyes and ears, aggressiveness, food or water refusal, weakness, and coma for the confirmation of any sign of toxicity. 12,24 Neuropharmacological study Elevated Plus Maze Test The method of Bakre et al 25 and Moniruzzaman et al 26 was followed to evaluate the anti-anxiety activity through a wooden elevated plus maze model having two open arms and two closed arms with the dimensions of 30×5×15 cm and 30×5×15 cm. The apparatus platformed on a wooden base was placed at a height of 38.5 cm from the floor.…”

Integration of molecular networking and fingerprint analysis for studying constituents in Microctis Folium

“…In summer and autumn, many herbal teas are decocted with these leaves in hot water to aid the digestive system, alleviate diarrhoea, and treat symptoms of fever caused by the common cold. Some studies have reported on the constituents and pharmacological effects of MF, including the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin C-glycosides; the α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of vitexin, isovitexin and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-rutinoside; the antioxidative activity of epicatechin; the antitumour activities of seven alkaloids; and the hepatoprotective effect and antinociceptive, antidiarrhoeal, and antipyretic activities of MF extracts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. There are few reports about the comprehensive chemical profiles of MF, hindering its further exploitation.…”