Phytochemical profile, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities of Pogostemon deccanensis essential oils

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) obtained from aerial parts of Pogostemon deccanensis were analyzed for GC-MS profiling, and evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities. GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 47 constituents, establishing the EOs rich in sesquiterpene with > 20 sesquiterpenes constituting around 77% of the total EO yield. Major constituents included Curzerene (Benzofuran,5,6, (26.39%) and epi-Cadinol (22.68%), Ethanone, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl) (6.83%, Acetophenones), and Boldenone (3.47%, anabolic steroid). EOs found to be rich in phytochemicals attributed for antioxidant potentials of aromatic/medicinal plants, viz., flavonoids (2.71 µg quercetin equivalents g −1 EO), total phenols (3.94 µg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g −1 EO), carotenoids (14.3 µg β-carotene equivalents g −1 EO), and ascorbic acid (2.21 µg ascorbic acid equivalents g −1 EO). P. deccanensis EOs exhibited striking antioxidant activities assessed by wide range of assays including ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP, 255.3 GAE at 2 µg mL −1 EO), total antioxidant activity (TAA, 264.3 GAE at 2 µg ml −1 ) of EO, DPPH (65% inhibition at 2 µg mL −1 ), and OH (58% inhibition at 2 µg mL −1 ) scavenging. Interestingly, EOs showed considerably higher antilipid peroxidation activity than the standard antioxidant molecule ascorbic acid, with 50% protection by 1.29 µg mL −1 EO against 20.0 µg mL −1 standard. EOs showed strong anti-inflammatory activity with 50% inhibition at 1.95 µg mL −1 EO. The anti-proliferative activity of EOs was tested against mouse cancer cell line and the EOs proved a potent anti-proliferative agent with only 2.1% cell survival at 2 µg mL −1 EO, whereas the EOs were largely non-toxic-to-normal (non-cancerous) cells with approximately 80% cell survival at the 2 µg mL −1 EOs. This being the first attempt of phytochemical profiling and wide array of biological activities of P. deccanensis EOs holds significance as the striking activities were observed at very low concentrations, in some cases at lower than the commercial standards, and has, therefore, great potential for pharmaceutical or commercial exploration.

Nematicidal and Molecular Docking Investigation of Essential Oils from Pogostemon cablin Ecotypes against Meloidogyne incognita

“…Unlikely, aciphyllene and patchoulene were identified as the major components of Pogostemon oil [35] . Further, higher content of β ‐patchoulene and β ‐elemene have been characterized in the oil from early harvest of the plant [36] . Furthermore, curzerene has also been found as the major component of EO of P. cablin [37] …”

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“…Seeds were cordate, winged, compressed, pendulous; testa membranous. The season for flowering and fruiting seeds was March-June every year [9,15]. (Fig- 1a).…”

“…In the present investigation, two important medicinal taxa i.e Boswellia ovalifoliolata and Boswellia serrata of Burseraceae, were collected from wild in different places of Tirumala hills, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The botanical identification of the taxa was carried out by using regional and local floras [5,9,12,13]. The herbarium was prepared according to the method of [2,14] and deposited in the department of botany [16,18].…”

“…All this has necessitated the large scale collection of plants by collectors to supply raw material to industry leading to endangered and some are on the verge of extinction [9,10]. If efforts are made for systematic cultivation of medicinal plants either it may be tissue culture or other biotechnological methods for elite characters instead of collecting them from the wild, many of the problems mentioned above will be minimized [2,16].…”

Extract of Pogostemon cablin Possesses Potent Anticancer Activity against Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

“…inhibited the growth of human colorectal (Caco-2), cervix (HeLa), monocytic leukemia (THP-1), breast (MCF-7), and leukemic T cell lymphoblast (Jurkat E6-1) cancer cells [ 35 ]. Pogostemon deccanensis essential oils have antiproliferation activity in the mouse cancer cell line B16F1 [ 36 ]. In this study, we demonstrated that PCa inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo.…”