Phytochemical, Nutrient Composition and Serum Lipid Lowering Effect of Xylopia aethiopica Fruit

Omeh, Yusuf N.; Onoja, Samuel O.; Ezeja, Maxwell I.; Bassey, Stella Oyom; Ogbenta, G.; Adetayo, Ayoade B.

doi:10.9734/bjpr/2014/12392

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The findings on nutritional components of the two plants are in line with the reports of previous authors (Omeh et al, 2014;Nwaogu et al, 2008;Arukwe et al, 2012). Omeh et al (2014) reported that the proximate composition of fibre in X. aethiopica was 14.51% which is comparable to 12.47% reported in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Comparison of the antioxidant activity, phytochemical and nutritional contents of two antihypertensive ethnomedicinal plants

Gbadamosi¹,

Kalejaye²

2017

Ife Journal of Science

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The fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich and leaves of Persea americana (Mill.) are ethnomedicinally used in combination (1:10) as a remedy for the treatment of hypertension in southwest Nigeria. This study compared the antiradical activity, phytochemical and proximate components of the two plants, with a view to providing scientific information on the therapeutic properties and potential of the plants. The antioxidant activity of the samples was against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The phytochemical and proximate analyses were carried out using standard laboratory techniques. The plants showed varied antioxidant activity. X. + aethiopica had 39.10 mg GAE/g polyphenol content and gave 67.43% inhibition against DPPH whereas P.+ americana with 24.3 mg GAE/g polyphenol content had 48.3% inhibition against DPPH . It was observed that there was direct relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the plants. There were also significant variations in the chemical components of the plants. Quantitative phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids (1483.33 mg/100g), proanthocyanidins (16.17mg GAE/g), tannins (968.33 mg/100g) and anthraquinones (58.3 mg/100g) were higher in X. aethiopica than in P. americana. On the other hand, P. americana contained more flavonoids (777.67 mg/100g), cardiac glycosides (41.67 mg/100g) and saponins (610 mg/100g) than X. aethiopica. X. aethiopica was richer in ash (4.47%), fats (22.43%), crude fibre (12.47%), moisture content (10.23%) and energy (2716.30Kcal) than P. americana. However, P. americana had higher contents of crude protein (21.57%) and carbohydrates (50.73%). The observed antioxidant activity and chemical components of the two plants might be responsible for their therapeutic use as antihypertensive remedy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Omeh et al (2014) reported that the proximate composition of fibre in X. aethiopica was 14.51% which is comparable to 12.47% reported in this study. This study also revealed that P. americana is richer in crude protein (21.57%) and carbohydrates (50.73%) than X. aethiopica.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of the antioxidant activity, phytochemical and nutritional contents of two antihypertensive ethnomedicinal plants

Gbadamosi¹,

Kalejaye²

2017

Ife Journal of Science

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“…The level of the crude fat which was relatively low would prevent fat related disease such as obesity (Theuwissen and Mensink, 2008). The crude protein in X. aethiopica is about sixteen times higher than the one reported in Abia state of Nigeria (Omeh et al, 2014). Other reports of those found in the South East of Nigeria showed 12.09 and 9.27% (Nwocha et al, 2018;Okonkwo and Ogu, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nutritional and Elemental Characterization of Local Forest Spices used among Itsekiri Ethnics, Nigeria

Ofodile¹,

Odatuwa-Omagbemi

Oladele

et al. 2021

J. basic appl. res. biomed.

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Although spices are added to food in small quantities for their flavour and aroma, they also have impact on the health of consumers. This study aimed at ascertaining the nutritional and elemental composition of the most preferred forest spices used amongst Itsekiri ethnics in Delta state, Nigeria. The most preferred spices were determined through questionnaire administration to 143 users and sellers. Crude protein, fat, fibre, ash and moisture content were analyzed using the standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Elemental analysis was done using PIXE accelerator to detect the heavy metals (Mg, Al, Si, Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn & Cu) in the five most preferred local spices. One way ANOVA was used to separate the means of the elements while mean comparison was done with LSD. The five most preferred spices include Monodora myristica, Xylopiaa ethiopica, Parinari excelsa, Aframomum subsericeum and Ighereje (Itsekiri local name). Xylopiaa ethiopica had the highest Crude protein (16.83%) while Parinari excelsa had the lowest percentage crude protein (11.67%). Monodora myristica had highest moisture content (10.8%) while Xylopia aethiopica had the lowest (6.52%). Elemental analysis revealed magnesium as the highest in concentration for Ighereje (3079.03ppm). Silicon and manganese were found to be higher in Aframomum subsericeum with 1488.2ppm and 148.9ppm respectively. Overall, the spices were found to contain significant nutrients required for good health. However, the concentrations of some elements in the spices per 1 kg samples were higher than the WHO/FAO maximum permissible daily limit which could make the spices not safe for daily consumption. But very little quantity are needed as flavourant (usually below 50g/family NOT individual), therefore consumption of the forest spices may be deemed safe for consumption.

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“…Moreover, saponins have been shown to inhibit LH release from the gonadotropes [36], and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit showed the presence of significant quantity of saponin in the fruit [37]. As aforementioned, LH peaks secondary to stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone release after injection of prostaglandin PGF2α in chlorpromazine-induced anovulation [34,38], also suggesting that blockade of prostaglandins by ibuprofen could result in the reduction of LH level. The present study indicated that both Xylopia aethiopica extract and ibuprofen caused significant reduction in LH level suggesting the possibility the extract in the impairment of ovulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study between Xylopia aethiopica Dried Fruit Extract and Ibuprofen Inhibiting Effects on Some Reproductive Hormones Irrespective of the Estrous Cycle

Onuka

Okechukwu

Maxine

2017

IJCAM

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Ibuprofen is often used for contraception, therefore, Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract and ibuprofen were tested on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), glucocorticoid, progesterone and estrogen levels in adult female rats in order to determine whether Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract can be used for contraception. Twenty one rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 7) comprising of control group A, experimental Group B and C. The experimental Group B received 180 mg/kg of ibuprofen daily and experimental Group C received 300 mg/kg of Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract. All administration of drug and extract was done via oral route and lasted for 14 days independent of estrous cycle. Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay the serum FSH, LH, glucocorticoid, progesterone and estrogen in both extract and ibuprofen treated rats were measured. Results showed that ibuprofen caused significant reduction of FSH (P<0.05). The extract did not cause significant difference in the serum FSH level. Both ibuprofen and extract caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the serum LH levels. Both ibuprofen and extract caused significant elevation (P< 0.05) in glucocorticoid level. However, the extract caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the serum progesterone and estrogen levels respectively compared to ibuprofen. In that sense, Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract acted as a more potent contraceptive, inhibitor of ovulatory hormones than ibuprofen. and selectively blocks estrogen-mediated receptors in rats [7]. Moreover, the use of synthetic steroidal contraceptives has proven unsafe to the health of the user as they pose risk of side effects [8][9][10]. Keywords:In Africa, traditional methods of contraception are on the increase and have been increasingly sought for in herbal plants because herbs are effective, cheap and safe [11] [16,17]. Meanwhile, in ancient times, women drank extracted water from Xylopia aethiopica as a natural method of contraception that became part of Igbo folklore and this led to the present research work. The plant, Xylopia aethiopica commonly known as "Uda" in Igbo language, "Eeru alamo" in Yoruba language and "Chimba" in Hausa language is a tropical evergreen, aromatic plant that grows commonly in wet swampy soils and forest zones of West Africa characterized with a slim tall tree of about 15 -30 m tall and 0.6 -0.7 m in diameter, straight stem, slightly stripped or smooth bark with consistent pepperish aroma with dry brown, corrugated in shape with pods containing 4 -9 kidney shaped peppery seeds about 0.05 m in length [18,19].However, antifertility effect of Xylopia aethiopica have been demonstrated in male rats [20,21]. In another study unpublished, we demonstrated that Xylopia aethiopica dried fruit extract caused alteration in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and glucocorticoid hormone during proestrus phase of clomiphene-treated rats. Because Xylopia aethiopica have analgesic properties and can be used in t...

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Phytochemical, Nutrient Composition and Serum Lipid Lowering Effect of Xylopia aethiopica Fruit

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of the antioxidant activity, phytochemical and nutritional contents of two antihypertensive ethnomedicinal plants

Comparison of the antioxidant activity, phytochemical and nutritional contents of two antihypertensive ethnomedicinal plants

Nutritional and Elemental Characterization of Local Forest Spices used among Itsekiri Ethnics, Nigeria

A Comparative Study between Xylopia aethiopica Dried Fruit Extract and Ibuprofen Inhibiting Effects on Some Reproductive Hormones Irrespective of the Estrous Cycle

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