Phytochemical Investigation of Endemic Sideritis cypria Post

Abstract

Non-polar and polar compounds were isolated from the leaves and chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Sideritis cypria endemic in Northern Cyprus was also determined. The structures of all the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic (UV, NMR: 1D and 2D-NMR: 1 H, 13 C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC) methods and comparison with literature data. The essential oil composition of the plant material was analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS, simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, secondary metabolites of this endemic species were determined for the first time. As a result, two mixtures of four entkaurane diterpenes; sidol (1) and isosidol (2), linearol (3) and isolinearol (4); four phenylethanoid glycosides; verbascoside (5), lavandulifolioside (6), leonoside A (7), leucoseptoside A (8); four flavone glycosides, apigenin-7-O-glucopyranoside (9), isoscutellarein-7-O-[6'''-O-acetyl-allopyranosyl-(12)-glucopyranoside] (10) and a mixture of apigenin-7-O-(4''-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (11) and apigenin-7-O-(3''-O-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranoside (12) were elucidated. 7-O-acetyl-8-epi-loganic acid (13), an iridoid glycoside, was reported herein for the first time for genus Sideritis. In addition, major compounds of the essential oil were determined as -pinene (14.73±0.15%), -pinene (16.60±0.20%), -phellandrene (17.83±0.23%) and epi-cubebol (7.70±0.20%), respectively.

Traditionally Used Sideritis cypria Post.: Phytochemistry, Nutritional Content, Bioactive Compounds of Cultivated Populations

“…(Kirmizibekmez et al, 2012). Our study confirms the presence of leonoside A in S. cypria (Hanoglu et al, 2020) and we report for the first time the isolation of this compound from the infusion of both, leaves and flowers. It is interesting to point out that compounds 2-4, 9 -11 had been mentioned previously in the genus Sideritis L., but not in S. cypria.…”

“…S. cypria follows the same trend, with the flower's essential oil yield to be significantly higher (0.25%) than leaves' yield, which was measured at considerably low numbers of 0.03%. Hanoglu et al (2016;2020) recorded a yield of 0.49%, when hydrodistilled S. cypria plants, during or post-flowering that were collected from mountains in north Cyprus (500-750 m altitude). This variation with the present results might be attributed that wild harvested plant tissue in mountain areas (Hanoglu et al, 2016;Hanoglu et al, 2020) can differ on the essential oil yield and aromatic profile, compared with cultivated crop in lowland.…”

“…is a perennial herb belonging to the section Empedoclia Rafin., 60 cm high with bright yellow flowers, growing at altitude 300-925 m in Pentadactylos Mountains in Northern Cyprus (Meikle, 1985;Yildiz and Gücel, 2006;Tsintides et al, 2007). In particular, three Sideritis species have been found in Cyprus; S. curvidens Stapf, S. perfoliata L., and the endemic S. cypria Post (Hanoglu et al, 2020). Traditionally, the infusion of S. cypria is locally used as diaphoretic, tonic, as well as against stomach disorders, headache and common cold (Yöney et al, 2010;Karousou and Deirmentzoglou, 2011;Hanoglu et al, 2020).…”

“…In particular, three Sideritis species have been found in Cyprus; S. curvidens Stapf, S. perfoliata L., and the endemic S. cypria Post (Hanoglu et al, 2020). Traditionally, the infusion of S. cypria is locally used as diaphoretic, tonic, as well as against stomach disorders, headache and common cold (Yöney et al, 2010;Karousou and Deirmentzoglou, 2011;Hanoglu et al, 2020). Hanoglu et al (2016) reported the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils derived by S. cypria, and suggested to be used as a new medicinal resource particularly against C. albicans and Gram-positive bacteria.…”

“…However, the secondary metabolites of the traditional infusion of this plant are still undershadowed. The literature survey revealed only two publications concerning the chemical characterization of wild harvested S. cypria of its essential oil (Hanoglu et al, 2016) and extracts (Hanoglu et al, 2020). Therefore, for the purpose of this study, we investigated and compared for the first time the chemical composition of the traditional infusions of different plant parts, leaves and flowers, of cultivated S. cypria.…”