Phytochemical Constituents of Guggul and their Biological Qualities

Abstract

: In the herbal drug pharmaceutical industry, guggul is enjoying emergent consumer acceptance around the world. In the Indian market, more than fifty formulations of guggul have been introduced by well-known brands including Himalaya, Patanjali and Baidyanath Pharmaceuticals. Basically, guggul is the gum resin from Commiphora wightii (syn. Commiphora Mukul). It has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, constipation, liver disorders, inflammation, anemia, diabetes, etc. Including medicinal properties, it is used as a good binding agent and mixed in various herbal formulations. To review the major phytochemical, medicinal properties and analytical methods involved in the detection of guggul by using the exhaustive bibliographic research by means of various scientific engines and databases. Guggul contained approximately 66 phytochemical including gallic acid, quercetin, and guggulsterones E and Z. These phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antimutagenic, antivenom and antitumor. It has been noticed that the mode of action of guggulsterone has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. These works have shown huge literature gap, which is to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

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Combination of high-performance thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry analysis: a promising analytical tool for discrimination between oleo-gum resin of raw and purified Commiphora wightii

“…Guggulu, an important Ayurvedic drug used in various herbal formulations, is an oily resin produced from Commiphora mukul (Arn.) Bhandari [ 5 , 16 , 17 ]. The versatile applications of guggulu and their polyherbal formulations have been mentioned in various Ayurvedic pharmacopoeias including the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) [ 16 – 20 ].…”

“…The versatile applications of guggulu and their polyherbal formulations have been mentioned in various Ayurvedic pharmacopoeias including the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) [ 16 – 20 ]. It is used to treat a variety of disorders or ailments like obesity, COVID-based obesity [ 21 ], hyperlipidemia [ 22 – 24 ], inflammation [ 5 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 25 ], rheumatoid arthritis [ 23 ], cancer [ 26 , 27 ], and arteriosclerosis [ 5 ]. The major biological active compounds of guggulu are two ketosteroids, viz ., guggulsterone E and guggulsterone Z [ 5 , 16 ].…”