Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity of Faidherbia albida (Mimosaceae) Roots and Leaves

Abstract

Phytochemical composition of roots and leaves of Faidherbia albida, let to the isolation and the identification of fourteen (14) compounds namely 3β-Friedelinol (1), Friedelan-3-one (2), Heptadecanoic acid (3), Ergosterol-β-D-glucoside (4), (3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4,4a,6b,8a,11,11,12b,14a-octamethyl-docosahydropicen-3-yloxy)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (5), Brassicasterol Benzoate (6), Lupeol (7), Betulin (8), Oleanolic acid (9), Maslinic acid (10), Apigenin (11) Kaempferol (12)], Quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside (13) and Trans-Tiliroside (14). The structures of all the isolated constituents were determined by a comprehensive use of spectroscopic analysis such as 1D-and 2D-NMR, EI-MS, and ESI-MS coupled with the comparison of data thereof obtained with those of known analogs listed in the literature. These compounds and various extracts, fractions were investigated for their antioxidant potential, and antischistosomal and antifungal effects against Schistosoma mansoni and Candida albicans respectively, α-Glucosidal and Trypsin activity. The results revealed that all the extracts (roots and leaves), exhibited antifungal, antioxidant and enzyme α-Glucosidase inhibition activities. Moreover, Quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside (13) inhibited α-Glucosidase, Trypsin and Schistosoma mansoni. The synergic effect of the extract and fraction, and also their triple of Quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside (13) could classified Faidherbia albida among the potential candidate for the development of multitarget drugs. This could reduce the combination of multiple biological active agent (multitherapy) therapy in favor of multitarget drug strategies.