Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Two Different Color Chrysanthemum Flower Teas

Abstract

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is a perennial flowering plant widely cultivated for use in a tea infusion and as a popular beverage. To identify and evaluate the tea infusion made with a γ-irradiated mutant chrysanthemum cultivar with dark purple petals (cv. ARTI-Dark Chocolate), its phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity were tested and compared with those of the commercially available chrysanthemum cultivar with yellow petals (cv. Gamguk) by HPLC-DAD-ESIMS, as well as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The purple chrysanthemum tea contained anthocyanins and linarin, which were not detected in the yellow chrysanthemum tea and the content of chlorogenic acid, acacetin-7-O-β-glucoside, and luteolin was higher compared with the yellow chrysanthemum tea. In contrast, the yellow chrysanthemum tea had higher luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside, and apigenin contents in comparison with the purple chrysanthemum tea. In addition, the content and antioxidant activity of the two chrysanthemum teas were investigated according to different water temperatures and infusing time. The yellow chrysanthemum tea did not show any significant differences according to infusing time and temperature, while the purple chrysanthemum tea was more influenced by the infusing time than water temperature, showing the highest total compound content in the infusing condition of 100 °C and 4 min. Moreover, the floral scent volatiles of the two chrysanthemum tea sources were analyzed using HS-SPME-GC-MS. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the purple chrysanthemum tea broadly showed greater antioxidant activity than did the yellow chrysanthemum tea, corresponding to the high content of anthocyanins known as the powerful antioxidant. Further, both chrysanthemum flower teas exhibited strong ABTS radical scavenging effects ranging from 76% to 61% under all infusing conditions. Therefore, the purple chrysanthemum cultivar, ARTI-Dark Chocolate, is worthy of breeding as a new tea cultivar.

A comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of three Chrysanthemum boreale strains

“…They are valued as cut flowers or potted garden flowers due to the diversity of their morphological traits including color, shape and size of the flower head, ray florets and disc florets ( Shinoyama et al, 2012 ; Song et al, 2018 ). In addition, they are used as medicinal herbs in Korean and Chinese folk medicine ( Won, Jung & Kim, 2018 ) for the treatment of inflammation, asthma and diarrhea, and as a traditional health food ( Han et al, 2019 ; Sun et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2015 ). Polyploidy and hybridization events were reported to be responsible for evolution and speciation of Chrysanthemum genus ( Liu et al, 2012 ; Ma et al, 2016 ; Yang et al, 2006 ), and Chrysanthemum species exhibit diverse ploidy levels (2 n = 2 x =18 to 2 n = 10 x = 90) ( Chen et al, 2008 ).…”

Dramatic Increase in Content of Diverse Flavonoids Accompanied with Down-Regulation of F-Box Genes in a Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.) Mutant Cultivar Producing Dark-Purple Ray Florets

“…Not only owing to their importance in plant biological functions, such as protection from ultraviolet radiation [2] and defense against pathogens and herbivores [3], flavonoids have received substantial attention for a wide variety of human uses as antioxidants or colorants for pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, and food products [4]. In addition, a subclass of antioxidant capacity [29]. However, metabolic analysis has not been performed specifically on the ray floret corolla, and a genomics study to elucidate the mechanism for flavonoid accumulation has not been attempted in this cultivar.…”

Chemical composition, antibacterial activity of essential oil and anatomical study of Chrysanthemum morifolium

“…Chrysanthemum morifolium is well known not only as an ornamental plant, but also as an important medicinal plant and a major source of natural products (flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, essential oils, triterpene diols and triols) used as pharmaceutical ingredients because this plant possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antispirochetal as has been reported in many studies [03], several studies show that the extracts of C. morifolium have antioxidant, cardiovascular protective, antiinflammatory functions and potent neuroprotective activity and therefore, might be a potential candidate in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. It therefore occupies a very important position in the world flower industry.…”