“…Aromatic derivatives: Peaks 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12 were identified as hypoxyphenone (C 10 H 9 O 5 ), prephenic acid (C 10 H 9 O 6 ), In recent years, metabolomic studies have intensified in lichenic species of tropical and, especially, temperate distribution and polar territories, strengthening the bank of reported compounds that make up chemotaxonomic variables for the differentiation of species and their complexes (Torres-Benítez et al, 2017). Likewise, the use of robust state-of-the-art techniques such as ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array (UHPLC-DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer (ESI-MS-MS) traditionally used in plant extracts has also allowed greater precision in the identification and elucidation of bioactive compounds in lichens (Sepúlveda et al, 2022;Torres-Benítez et al, 2023b). Compounds present in the species O. frigida, P. contortuplicata, and U. antarctica are shared with other Antarctic species such as Lecania brialmontii, Pseudephebe pubescens, Sphaerophorus globosus (Torres-Benítez et al, 2022), Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia chlorophaea (Torres-Benítez et al, 2023a), and Himantormia lugubris (Areche et al, 2022), including carbohydrates, phenolic compounds (such as lecanoric acid, orselinic acid, and orcinol derivatives), and lipids.…”