Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial studies of <I>Lannea egregia</I> Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) extracts and chromatographic fractions

Abstract

Screening ‘new’ medicinal plants of traditional importance for bioactive components is a sure way of discovering novel therapeutic agents to treat diseases. This study, therefore investigated the presence of phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial components of the extracts of Lannea egregia. Phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the extracts of Lannea egregia was determined by agar well diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The antioxidant capacity of the crude extracts was determined through the evaluation of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl. The phytochemical screening of the different parts of this plant revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, emodins, phlobatannins, anthocyanins, coumarins and phenolics. Phlobatannins was observed to be absent in the stem bark. The crude extracts obtained from the leaves, stem bark and roots of this plant exhibited good antibacterial activity against typed strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The diameter of the zone of inhibition ranged from 9.0 to 26.0 mm at 100 mg/mL for all the plant parts. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of this plant possessed the highest antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of the range of (3.125 to ˃50 mg/mL) and (12.5 to ˃50 mg/mL) respectively. The zone inhibition of the chromatographic fractions of both plants ranged 15-23 mm. Antioxidant study of the extracts of the leaf of L. egregia revealed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have good antioxidant potentials comparable to that of ascorbic acid control. This study has revealed that the extracts from different parts of L. egregia possess good antibacterial and antioxidant activities which could be a function of the various phytochemicals detected in the plant.&#x0D; Keywords: Lannea egregia, Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Column chromatography.

New C-13 Norisoprenoids and Flavonoids from &lt;i&gt;Lannea kerstingii&lt;/i&gt;

“…Nine (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) naturally-occurring compounds including three undescribed (1)(2)(3) were characterized from n-butanol fraction of L. kerstingii leaves.…”

Antimicrobial Activities of Sesquiterpene-Rich Essential Oils of Two Medicinal Plants, Lannea egregia and Emilia sonchifolia, from Nigeria

“…Traditionally, leaves of L. egregia , boiled with fermented corn water, were used for treatment of hemorrhoids [ 19 ] and to manage cancer [ 20 ]. The leaf, stem bark, and root extracts of L. egregia from Olokemeji Forest, Nigeria, were shown to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Escherichia coli using a zone-of-inhibition assay, but showed only weak activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 6.3 to 25 mg/mL [ 21 ]. In this work, a phytochemical screening was carried out, but individual components were not identified.…”