Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profiling of Heritiera fomes Buch. Ham. Deciphered Thrombolytic, Antiarthritic, Anthelmintic, and Insecticidal Potentialities via In Vitro Approach

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been crucial in treating various chronic ailments since ancient times. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro pharmacological properties of petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of ethanolic extract (leaf, bark, and root) of Heritiera fomes Buch. Ham., including the phytochemical screening of the plant. Thrombolytic and antiarthritic properties were assessed through the clot lysis and protein denaturation experimental method, correspondingly. Anthelmintic and insecticidal activities were studied against Pheretima posthuma and Tribolium castaneum, respectively. The phytochemical analysis exhibited numerous active phytochemicals in different solvent fractions. In thrombolytic investigation, among all crude extracts, ethanolic leaf extract showed the highest 33.12 ± 7.52% clot lysis as compared to standard streptokinase (67.77 ± 9.78%). In antiarthritic assay, all the tested samples exhibited noteworthy protein denaturation in dose-dependent manner (100–500 μg/mL), whereas the utmost percentage inhibition was noticed for chloroform extract of roots (63.28 ± 5.96% at 500 μg/mL). All crude extracts exhibited a significant anthelmintic activity in different concentrations (25–75 mg/mL) and revealed paralysis and death of earthworms in comparison with albendazole; ethanolic extract of the bark was found to be more potent at the highest dose. For the insecticidal test, ethanolic extract of the leaf showed the utmost mortality rate (73%). The outcomes of the investigation confirmed the potential thrombolytic, antiarthritic, anthelmintic, and insecticidal activities of the different extracts of H. fomes, and hence, advanced studies on the isolation and identification of active phytocompounds are highly needed for new drug development.

Status of Tree Diversity in Digha, West Bengal, India with Special Reference to their Phytochemical Constituents

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Chemico-pharmacological and computational studies of Ophiorrhiza fasciculata D. Don and Psychotria silhetensis Hook. f. focusing cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties

“…The use of natural products and herbal extracts for treating human diseases and disorders has finally started to receive scientific support through experimental and clinical studies [ [4] , [5] , [6] ]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), most developing nations, especially those in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, use traditional medicine, including herbal remedies, to meet their citizens' healthcare needs and concerns [ [7] , [8] , [9] ].…”

Stixis suaveolens (Roxb.) Fruit Extract Deciphered Antidepressant and Antidiarrheal Effects via In vivo Approach

“…Recently, the number of plant-derived therapeutic approaches, including applications of medicinal plants in nanotechnology have increased globally (Grabley and Sattler, 2003;Salve et al, 2022). Nearly 7,000 of the listed medicinal compounds in the Western pharmacopeia are plantbased and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimation, 65-80% of the world's population, particularly those who live in vast rural areas of developing countries, rely on herbal medicines as their primary form of healthcare (Ripa et al, 2022a;Ripa et al, 2022b). Although plant-derived treatments show promise as therapeutic agents, most plants are not studied for their medicinal potential (Ekor, 2014).…”