Phytochemical and antioxidant profiling of Ocimum sanctum

Abstract

The leaves of Ocimum sanctum were extracted in methanol (OsM) and sequentially fractionated with n-hexane (OsH), ethylacetate (OsE) and butanol (OsB) to find the best extraction solvent for antioxidants from the herb known for its medicinal values. OsB was rich in both total polyphenolic content (TPC) (212.26 ± 6.3 mg GAE/ g extract) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) (54.51 ± 3.5 mg QE/g extract). OsE also had significantly high TPC (202.71 ± 5.5 mg GAE/g extract). The EC 50 based on DPPH (3.91 ± 0.3 lg/ml), ABTS (1.6 ± 0.1 lg/ ml) and phosphomolybdate (2.31 ± 0.1 lg/ml) for OsB; hydroxyl (5.3 ± 0.4 lg/ml), superoxide (7.32 ± 0.9 lg/ ml) radicals for OsM and DPPH (8.61 ± 0.6 lg/ml), phosphomolybdate (2.43 ± 0.1 lg/ml) and ABTS (5.3 ± 0.4 lg/ml) for OsE were lower than ascorbic acid showing potential antioxidant properties. EC 50 values of different fractions for DPPH anion, ABTS cation free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdate reducing property were significantly and positively correlated with TPC and TFC. LC-MS analysis of OsB and OsE showed the presence of luteolin, apigenin, rosmarinic, chlorogenic, caffeic acid and their derivatives. Quercetin is extracted in ethylacetate fraction. Overall data revealed that O. sanctum leaf extracts in butanol and ethylacetate with high polyphenolics and flavonoids, had strong antioxidant potential.

Chromatographic and Tandem mass spectroscopic characterization of Ayush Kwath Churnam-an Ayurvedic immunomodulatory drug during COVID-19

“…The mass fragmentation was performed with varying collision energy 4V/ 100 DA with an offset of 6V. .326-Rosmarinic acid and 595.518-Apigenin 6,8-di-glucoside The mass fragmentation patterns of these compounds are found to be in agreement with that of previous reports [9,15]. Alkaloids such as Piperine (m/z 286.1576) and piperanine (m/z 288.1687) has been reported previously from Piper nigrum [16,17] and are known for their immunomodulatory properties [18,19].…”

Extraction Processes Affect the Composition and Bioavailability of Flavones from Lamiaceae Plants: A Comprehensive Review

“…Fewer studies were observed with other solvents such as hot water extract that showed similar results to hydromethanolic and hydroethanolic extractions in the same plant [106]. On the other hand, some studies further fractionated the extract to isolate the compounds, as seen in the infusion of O. campechianum [107] and the methanolic extract of O. gratissimum and O. sanctum [100,101].…”

“…Polar solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and aqueous mixtures have been used to obtain extracts from species including O. basilicum, O. gratissimum, O. sanctum, and O. tenuiflorum with good results [84,[99][100][101][102][103][104]. Less used, but also effective in the extraction of flavones, are solvents such as diethyl ether, which is useful to extract such flavones as nevadensin and salvigenin in O. basilicum [105].…”

Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Blinded End Point, Two-Arm, Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed Ayurvedic Regimen (FAR) as Add-on to Conventional Treatment in the Management of Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Patients

“…The herbs Giloy, Tulsi and Kalmegh are renowned for their various health benefits in Ayurveda. [ 18 19 20 ] These herbs have exhibited antiviral,[ 26 27 28 ] anti-inflammatory,[ 29 30 31 ] immunomodulatory,[ 32 33 34 ] antiallergic,[ 35 36 37 ] antipyretic,[ 38 39 40 ] and antioxidant[ 41 42 43 ] potential in scientific studies. Chyawanprash is a traditionally renowned ayurvedic health supplement that has been studied extensively in scientific and clinical studies for its immunostimulatory,[ 44 45 ] antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.…”