Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of gaharu leaf tea (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) as raw material of tea from middle Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatera Province

Abstract

Gaharu (agarwood) grows naturally in Sumatera, especially in Middle Tapanuli regency. The development of knowledge and research about gaharu leaf has been used as raw material for brewed beverage or tea. The purposes of this research were to observe the leaf used as raw material of gaharu leaf tea that grows naturally in Middle Tapanuli by looking at the chemical compound contained in the leaf which function as antioxidant and to know the antioxidant activity and tannin content of the leaf. Gaharu leaf from 2 growing sites (Sigiringgiring village and S. Kalangan II village) was identified, then processed into leaf simplicia and extracted with 96% ethanol solvent. Phytochemical screening of alkaloid, glycosides, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins compounds were conducted. The antioxidant activity test was performed by DPPH method to obtain IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) value. The results showed that the agarwood leaf from Sigiring-giring contained terpenoids and saponins and from S. Kalangan II contained of tannins and saponins. The results of antioxidant activity test showed that agarwood leaf extract has IC50 value in 56,985 dan 44,382 μg/ml which meant strong and very strong antioxidant activity category.

Short Communication: Use of Geographic Information System for mapping of Aquilaria malaccensis land suitability in North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Study about A. malaccensis have been conducted by some researcher, such as: Borah et al (2012) have been studied about new record of leaf spot disease on A. malaccensis Lamk. in India, Shankar (2012) has been studied about effect of seed abortion and seed storage on germination and seedling growth in A. malaccensis, have been studied about development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites markers in endangered A. malaccensis and genetic diversity and population structure of endangered A. malaccensis, Siah et al (2016) have been studied about transcriptome reveals senescing callus tissue of A. malaccensis, an endangered tropical tree, triggers similar response as wounding with respect to terpenoid biosynthesis, Wong et al (2013) have been studied about characterization of wound responsive genes in A. Malaccensis, Putri et al (2017) have been studied about evaluation of incense-resinous wood formation in agarwood using sonic tomography and Usuluddin et al (2018), have been studied about the growth of A. malaccensis in alluvial soils with different shade and height of seedlings. Research of mapping of land suitability for A. malaccensis in this location has never been conducted, even though, Sei Bingai Sub District, Langkat District, and Biru-biru Sub District, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatera Province are potential location to develop A. malaccensis in North Sumatra Province.…”

The screening of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) from two sites in North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…After 5 days the mixture was covered (strained), and washed with 96% ethanol sufficiently up to 2000 mL, then moved in a closed vessel and left in a cool place protected from light for 2 days, then two days later, it was poured and filtered. Macerate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40°C until a concentrated macerate was obtained, then was dried using the freeze dryer so that dried extract was obtained (Surjanto et al 2019a).…”

“…Also, this decision has taken based on previous research. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the ethanol extract of A. malaccensis leaves from Sigiring-giring and S. circles II had IC50 values of 56.985 and 44.382 μg/mL respectively, with strong and very strong antioxidant activity categories (Surjanto et al 2019a). Potential antioxidant compounds can be predicted from the phenolic class, flavonoids, and alkaloids which are polar compounds (Enggiwanto et al 2018).…”

“…Consuming foods or supplements containing antioxidants can neutralize free radicals by donating one proton atom to make free radicals more stable and not reactive. Research and utilization of agarwood or gaharu leaves as a source of antioxidants within tea product has been developed (Surjanto et al 2019a). Secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols, are considered to be anti-free radicals (antioxidant) (Mega and Swastini 2010).…”

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Thymelaeaceae

“…The ethyl acetate extract inhibits hemoglobin oxidation (Miniyar et al 2008). In a study of raw tea material from North Sumatra, the leaves were found to have strong antioxidant activities (Surjanto et al 2019). Anticancer and cytotoxic: Aqueous leaf extracts inhibit the cyclophosphamideinduced toxicity in reproductive systems in male rats (Abdul Razak et al 2019).…”