Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Leaf and Tuber Extracts of Tephrosia calophylla Bedd

Abstract

Tephrosia calophylla, (Fabaceae) a perennial woody under shrub endemic to south India. It is one of 13 rare or threatened Tephrosia species. Commonly it is known as Adavivempali. The various species of Tephrosia is ascribed to have many medicinal and therapeutic uses. The importance of this study was to preliminary screening of different phytochemical constituents for the detection of various secondary metabolites and evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the different crude extracts of tuber and leaf. Tuber and leaf both yielded more number of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids tannins, saponins and glycosides with high quantity when compared with the leaf, consisting low quantities of phyto-constituents as steroids and in tuber consisting only tannins. Antibacterial activity of T. calophylla tuber and leaf aqueous and alcohol extracts at 10 mg/well are showing more effective activity on Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441), Escherichia coli (MTCC-443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-741), Klebsealla neumoniae, Proteus vulgaris strains than the control drug Ampicillin 10 mg/well with 30.25-15.00 mm zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with leaf and tuber extracts was 0.312 to 2.50 mg/ml compared to that of the 10 mg of Ampicillin. Antifungal screening of aqueous leaf extract was more effective on Candida albicans with 19.25 mm inhibition zone than Aspergillus niger at 10 mg/well compared to Nystatin the control drug at 10 mg/well with 10.2 to 12.1 mm of zone of inhibition. Fungal MIC on both organisms with leaf and tuber extracts ranges from 0.612 mg to 3 mg compared to 10 mg of Nystatin.

Banana Peel: A potential waste product with numerous pharmacological activities

“…Kavitha et al, [13] studied antibacterial activity of 70% ethanolic extract of dried peel extracts of eight varieties of bananas by well agar diffusion method against gram positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria using chloramphenicol as the positive control. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was determined.…”

Feed intake, fiber fraction digestibility and milk yield of lactating goats fed banana peel in the diet

“…Banana peels also contain hydrogen cyanide 1.33 mg/g [4] which can interfere with the fermentation process in the rumen [7]. Banana peel extract has antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects [8], [9] dan [10].…”

Bioavailability of Calcium, Phosphorus and Quality of Milk Components of Etawa Cross-breed Goats Fed Banana Peels

“…Bananas are tropical plants belonging to the Musaceae family (Anhwange 2008;Kavitha and Manonmani 2020). The amount of banana peel produced is 40% of the weight of fruit and this is waste that has not been utilized optimally (Youssef et al 2018;Sial et al 2019).…”