Phytochemical And Antimicrobial Effects Of <i>Chrozophora senegalensis</i>

Abstract

The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the whole plant extract (ethanolic-CEE) of Chrozophora senegalensis and its fractions (ethyl acetate-EAA, n-butanol-NBE, aqueous-AQE) were assayed using the agar plate diffusion and nutrient broth dilution methods. Test microorganisms were Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8326 B76), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 021001). Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Salmonella typhi -laboratory isolates. CEE, EAA and NBE inhibited all the test bacterial organisms and a fungus-Aspergillus flavus. AQE inhibited only Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis. None of the extracts had activity on other 3 fungal organisms tested. CEE and EAA showed minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.390 and 3.125 mg/ml against S. typhi and E. coli, while NBE and AQE had MIC of 3.125 and 1.563 mg/ml against S. typhi respectively. NBE had an MIC of 12.500 mg/ml against E. coli. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CEE and EAA was found to be <0.098 against S. typhi. The MBC of AQE was 12.5 mg/ml against E. coli and S. aureus, and 6.25 mg/ml towards P. aeruginosa. CEE and EAA exhibited similar antibacterial activities, followed by AQE. The extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, sterols determined by utilizing standard methods of analysis. This study has justified the traditional use of the plant for treating diarrhea, boils and syphilis.

Assessment of selected Yemeni medicinal plants for theirin vitroantimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities

“…Whereas no literature data were available for Chrozophora oblongifolia, other plants of the genus Chrozophora were phytochemically and biologically evaluated. So a strong antimicrobial activity of C. verbascifolia, and C. senegalensis has been reported Usman et al, 2007). Moreover, the study on Chrozophora brocchiana revealed an antioxidant effect and the isolated brocchlin carboxylic acid and its methyl ester were responsible for the observed effect (Hawas, 2007).…”

Phytochemical constituents and chemosystematic significance of Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Raf

“…is a genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, and comprises about nine species distributed in the Mediterranean regions, tropical Africa and West Asia (Boulos 2000;The Plant List 2013). Chrozophora taxa were reported for different biological activities; antioxidant (Delazar et al 2006;Hawas 2007), antimicrobial (Vassallo et al 2006;Usman et al 2007) and anticancer (Jamil et al 2012). Furthermore, some Chrozophora species are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diverse ailments (Dipankar et al 2011).…”

“…Furthermore, some Chrozophora species are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diverse ailments (Dipankar et al 2011). Many phytochemical constituents have been reported from few species of the genus Chrozophora, including alkaloids, coumarins (Abdel-Sattar 1985), diterpenoids (Mohamed et al 1994(Mohamed et al , 1995Tabussum et al 2013), phenylpropanoid glycosides (Mohamed 2001), phenolic acids, tannins, anthraquinones, (Agrawal & Singh 1988;Usman et al 2007). Flavonoids were commonly reported in all species of the genus Chrozophora (Vassallo et al 2006;Hawas 2007;Tabussum et al 2013).…”

Phytochemical Evaluation of Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A. Juss. ex Spreng.

“…It is boiled with cereal foods and the pregnant women used a decoction of it as a body wash, also used as a remedy for syphilis; and treatment of intestinal pain, typhoid and boils (Usman et al, 2007;Benoit-Vical et al, 2008). The fruit juice is used as eye drops to treat more severe cases, a maceration of leaves and roots is drunk to treat loss of hair and diabetes, and a water extract of aerial parts caused an in-vivo hypoglycemic response in rats (Delazar et al, 2005).…”