Phytochemical Analysis of the Antioxidant Compounds of Baper Tea and Its Potential as an Immunomodulatory agent and Candidate for Standardized Herbal Medicine

Abstract

The antioxidant content of Baper tea was determined using phytochemical testing, and the potential of these contents as immunomodulatory agents and candidates for standardized herbal medications was investigated. A randomized design was used in this experimental study. Phytochemical assays are used to determine the antioxidant content of Baper tea, whereas organoleptic studies are performed using hedonic tests. A literature review was used to assess the content's potential as an immunomodulatory agent and candidate for standardized herbal medicine. The study lasted four months at the Biology and National Food and Drug Agency Laboratory in Bali Province. Data analysis is based on descriptive methods. Baper tea is prepared in a 2.1.1 ratio. According to the hedonic test results, 41 panelists (87.23 %) prefer Baper tea products based on their color assessment, flavor, aroma, community reception, and acceptability. The matrix and security test revealed a water content of 4.43 %, an IC50 of 24.27 ppm, α-glucosidase inhibitors of 12.18 ppm, a total phenolic content of 28.00 %, and a total flavonoid content of 15.57 %. Baper tea raw materials contain components that have the potential to act as immunomodulatory agents and candidates for standardized herbal medications based on local wisdom.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 There are very few standardized herbal medicinal products that are efficacious as immunomodulators in the market
 Shallot skin (Allium Cepa), morel berry leaves (Physalis angulata), and small gooseberry leaves (Phyllanthus urinaria) packaged in Baper Tea preparations contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to be used as immunomodulatory agents and candidate for standardized herbal medicine
 Baper tea contains very active antioxidant compounds at a formulation ratio of 2:1:1. With panelists' acceptance of Baper Tea reaching 87.23 %
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

SAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Natural Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Spike Protein

“…Molecular docking study is applied to estimate the binding energy of ligands. Autodock Vina tools 1.5.6 [ 33 ] was used for the docking of the chosen phytochemicals, which are arbutin (P-1), carvacrol (P-2), coumarin (P-3), catechin (P-4), harmalol (P-5), harmaline (P-6), kaempferol (P-7), quercetin (P-8), vasicine (P-9), and vasicinone (P-10), as displayed in ( Figure 1 ) [ 34 ]. The crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (6LU7) [ 35 ] were obtained from the Protein Database (PDB) [ 36 ] and saved in a pdbqt file format before the docking process.…”

Activity and potential of Phyllantus niruri L. and Phyllantus urinaria L. as Hepatitis B virus inhibitors: A narrative review of the SANRA protocol

“…Similarly, Nisar et al [16] explained the dominance of the compounds in Phyllanthus species, namely, tannins, terpenes, alkaloids, glycosidic, saponins, flavonoids, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Phyllantus niruri L. and Phyllantus urinaria L. contain bioactive compounds identified and clinically tested for use as commercial traditional drug candidates (herbal medicine, standardized herbal medicine and phytopharmaceuticals) [43]. Inhibitory agents of HBV are presented in Table 1, while the structure and molecular formula are adopted from PubChem [44].…”

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