Phytochemical analysis and in vivo toxicity study of Dianthus orientalis Adams crude extract

Abstract

Background Dianthus must be well investigated for its phytochemical content and biological and medicinal activities, including Dianthus orientalis Adams. Objectives To assess the phytochemical composition and determine the toxicity of Dianthus orientalis Adams in an animal model. Materials and Methods The whole plant materials were collected from July to August 2021 from Penjween district, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan of Iraq and then identified, authenticated, shadow-dried, and extracted using ethyl acetate and pure methanol to collect the crude extract of leaves and flowers separately. The GC-MS was run to determine the chemical composition and phytochemical content. Subsequently, the methanolic extract of the leaves was selected to be tested further for its toxicity in the male Sprague Dawley rat model using various techniques. Results The GC-MS results of the methanolic extract of Dianthus orientalis Adam’s leaves and flowers present the higher phytocomponents (no.=34). Some medicinal compounds have been identified in leaves and flowers with various concentrations. The animal toxicity study revealed body weight gain, no clinical signs of toxicity, and no mortality, with non-significant changes in treated animals' haematological, biochemical and histopathological profiles. Conclusions Various huge compounds have been identified in the studied plant parts corresponding to their safe use in an animal model.