Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activity of Extracts of Lichen Physcia Semipinnata: As a New Source of Pharmacologically Active Compounds

Abstract

The present study provides new data concerning chemical characterization and biological activity of acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of the lichen Physcia semipinnata. Chemical profiling of the extracts was done by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a UV detector (HPLC-UV) analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring total anti-oxidative capacity, reducing capacity, inhibition lipid peroxidation and scavenging capacity on 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Lecanoric acid, methyl-β-orcinol carboxylate, ethyl haematommate, evernic acid, obtusic acid and atranorin were identified from this lichen. As a result of the study of the antioxidant activity, the acetone and the methanol extracts of P. semipinnata was found to have the better antioxidant activity than aqueous extract. Total phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically, with the varied amount from 20.11 to 59.20 mg GA/g and from 5.48 to 19.27 mg RU/g, respectively. The results of the viability and proliferation study of HeLa, LS174 and A549 cells after the treatment with the extracts showed that the best cytotoxic/cytostatic activity was exhibited by the acetone extract of P. semipinnata. Investigated extracts can be used as natural antioxidant agents and as a significant source of biological active compounds. RezumatPrezentul studiu oferă noi informații privind caracterizarea chimică și activitatea biologică a extractelor apos, metanolic și acetonic ale lichenului Physcia semipinnata. Profilele chimice ale extractelor au fost realizate prin cromatografie lichidă de înaltă performanță cu detecție în UV (HPLC-UV). Activitatea antioxidantă a fost evaluată prin măsurarea capacității totale antioxidante, capacitatea de reducere, inhibarea peroxidării lipidice și capacitatea de chelatare a radicalilor 2,2-difenil-1picrilhidrazil (DPPH) și hidroxil (OH). Activitatea anticanceroasă in vitro a fost evaluată prin testul bromurii de 3-(4,5dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2,5-difeniltetrazoliu (MTT). Acidul lecanoric, carboxilatul de metil-β-orcinol, hematomatul de etil, acidul evernic, acidul obtusic și atranorina au fost identificate în acest lichen. Ca rezultat al studiului activității antioxidante, s-a descoperit că extractele metanolic și acetonic de P. semipinnata au o activitate antioxidantă mai bună decât extractul apos. Conținutul total în fenoli și flavonoidele totale s-au determinat în extracte spectrofotometric, variind de la 20,11 până la 59,20 mg GA/g și de la 5,48 până la 19,27 mg RU/g, respectiv. Rezultatele studiului de viabilitate și proliferare a celulelor HeLa, LS174 și A549, după tratamentul cu extracte, au arătat că cea mai bună activitate citotoxică/citostatică a fost prezentată de extractul obținut în acetonă din P. semipinnata. Extractele investigate pot fi folosite ca agenți antioxidanți naturali și ca o sursă importantă de compuși biolo...

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity of Different Extracts of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla Lichen from Stara Planina, Serbia

“…Our research showed that XSA had the largest TPC and TFC, which is consistent with the solubility of this type of compound in polar solvents (such as acetone). The content of phenols and flavonoids in extracts can depend on many things such as the type of natural material for extraction, the solvent used, and the type of extraction [22,34]. In addition to having the highest TPC and TFC values, XSA exhibited the best antioxidant activity in all three systems used in this study (i.e., DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity).…”

“…The presence of identified secondary metabolites was confirmed by comparing retention times and absorption maxima with standards obtained from the following sources: lecanoric acid (t R = 7.42 ± 0.02) from lichen Melanelia subaurifera, obtusic acid (t R = 11.41 ± 0.01) from lichen Physcia semipinnata, usnic acid (t R = 16.78 ± 0.02) from lichen Usnea barbata and as a commercially available standard (Sigma Aldrich), and atranorin from lichen Evernia prunastri. All of the mentioned standards were obtained within the work of our laboratory [21][22][23], and their structures were confirmed based on spectral data. In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the used chromatographic method and for every identified compound were determined (Table 3).…”

Bioactive Components Analysis and Pharmacological Properties of Extracts and Metabolites of Lichen Umbilicaria crustulosa

“…Several studies have examined the antioxidant potential of various lichen species [8,11,30,31]. Recent studies have focused on identifying the specific secondary metabolites within lichen extracts responsible for their antioxidant activity.…”

Characteristics, Chemical Analysis and Biological Activities of Methanol Extracts of Lichens Pleurosticta Acetabulum and Cladonia Subulata

“…Until now, many researchers have investigated the antioxidant properties of many lichens extracts and some of them showed a very good antioxidant activity (24)(25)(26). If we compare the same lichens species but different extraction solvent, the methanol extract had a greater antioxidant capacity than the acetone extract.…”