Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of Matthiola livida DC. extracts from Oued-Souf region: Insights into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the characteristics of Saharan plants by analyzing the chemical composition and evaluating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of raw extracts from Matthiola livida DC., collected from the Oued-Souf region. The primary metabolites analysis revealed carbo-hydrates as the dominant components, with a concentration of 35.70 ? 0.03 mg/g dry weight. Using the maceration technique, three unrefined extracts (methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous) were produced, with the aqueous extract yielding the highest output at 14.61%. Total polyphenol content varied from 170.82 to 102.42 mg of GA/g dry extract, and the ethanol extract had the highest flavonoid content at 97.03 ? 4.14 mg of QE/g dry extract. The DPPH? test showed the methanolic extract as the most potent antioxidant, with an IC50 of 153.56 ?g/ml. The ethanolic extract offered the most protection to human erythrocytes, resulting in only 16.93% hemolysis at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. It also showed the strongest anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, with a protein denaturation inhibition equivalent to 11.29?1.10 mg of diclofenac sodium per milligram of dry extract. Additionally, IR spectroscopy identified several functional groups, including hydroxyl (O-H), carbonyl (C=O), and various carbon-hydrogen bonds (C-H, C=C, C-H). Future research should explore the clinical applicability of these findings to enhance the therapeutic potential of Matthiola livida extracts.