Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

This study tests the antibacterial activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, obtained from Microbiology laboratory, Al-Hikmah University Ilorin. Phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of tannins in all the three extracts (Aqueous, ethanolic and N-hexane), while. flavonoids, alkaloids and Saponins were only present in the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The leaves extracts were screened for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method, employing five different extracts concentrations (100mg/ml, 80mg/ml, 60mg/ml, 40mg/ml and 20mg/ml). The aqueous extracts had a mean activity of 11.50±0.70mm, 7.50±0.70mm and 8.5±0.70mm for S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa respectively. The ethanol extracts had a mean activity of 12.00±1.41mm, 10.00±1.41mm and 8.00±1.21mm for S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa respectively, while the N-hexane extracts exert no any activity. The antibiotics discs exert more inhibitory effect compared to the extract. The MIC for the aqueous extracts are at a concentrations of 60mg/ml for S. aureus, 80mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and 80mg/ml for E. coli. While that of the ethanol extract of the leaves are at a concentration of 60mg/ml for S. aureus, 80mg/ml for E. coli and 100mg/ml for P. aeruginosa. The MBC for the aqueous Extract of the leaves are at a concentration of 80mg/ml for S. aureus, 100mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and 100mg/ml for E. coli, while that of the ethanol extract are at a concentration of 80mg/ml for S. aureus and 100mg/ml for E. coli), while no any MBC was recorded for P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity tests indicate that the ethanol extract was more active. Among the three isolates, S. aureus is more sensitive to the aqueous and ethanol extracts. The activity exhibited by the extracts may be related to the presence of a number of Phytoconstituents.

Detection of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical Samples and their Susceptibility to Conventional Antibiotics and Medicinal Plant Extracts

“…This may be due to the variation in the Phytoconstituents present in each of the plant. More so, the place of sample collection as well as time of sample collection was reported to directly affect the presence and or level of Phytoconstituents presents in plant extracts [1,14,15]. As reported by Yusha'u M, et al [16] the varying extracts colour may be due to the level of abundance of some given Phytoconstituents which gives a distinct colour to each extracts.…”

Phytochemical analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy profile of colocasia esculenta and manihot esculanta extracts and their potential for drug discovery

“…The plant was authenticated by the chief Herbarium, at the Plant Biology Department BUK, and a Voucher specimen was deposited. The leaves were processed as described by (Bale et al, 2021). The leaves were rinsed in clean running water, air dried at room temperature, and ground and later sieved.…”

“…In specific, the activity of many ethno-medicinal plants, have been linked with the presence of flavonoids(Rabiu et al, 2022;Kumari et al, 2018;Arjun, 2022;Bharti and Arora, 2011). Tannins are reported to possess pharmacological properties mainly because of their astringent activity, which precipitates proteins, protects tissue, and improve wound healing(Bale et al, 2021). Alkaloids play a key role in the body's defense mechanisms.…”

“…Saponins are also known to exhibit anticancer properties, neutralise drug poisoning and acute lead poisoning, lower blood glucose levels, decrease blood lipids and confer protection against hypercholesterolemia. Diets containing high levels pf saponins can inhibit platelet aggregation and dental caries(Bale et al, 2021; Yusha'u, 2011).…”

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND KLT-BIOAUTOGRAPHY ANALYSYS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KELOR LEAVES (Moringa oleifera L.) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli BACTERIES

“…Menurut data, ekstrak etanol daun kelor ini memiliki daya hambat yang lebih baik terhadap bakteri S. aureus hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan terbentuknya zona hambat yang lebih besar pada bakteri S. aureus. Seperti pada penelitian Issa, Muazu and Rabi'u, 2021 [10], aktivitas antibakteri yang ditunjukan oleh ekstrak etanol diduga dikarenakan adanya golongan metabolit sekunder flavonoid dan alkaloid.…”