Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Purple Leaf Extract [Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff] Against Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

Background. Streptococcus mutans is the leading cause of dental caries. One of many medicinal plants, purple leaf [Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff], which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and saponins, is a potential antibacterial agent.
 Objective. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of purple leaf extract (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) against Streptococcus mutans.
 Methods. Streptococcus mutans were suspended in several Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff extract concentrations in a BHIB medium using the dilution method so that the concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56%, 0.78% were obtained. Each tube was incubated for 24 hours, then subcultured in a Tryptone Yeast Extract Cystine medium in a petri dish using a spreader. Each petri dish was set for 24 hours; the growth of the colony, using CFU/mL unit, was manually calculated. The samples were then subjected to microbiological analysis. The Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test was performed to determine if the relationship between the sets of data in the treatment group is statistically significant (p<0.05).
 Results. Purple leaf extract contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, triterpenoid/ steroid, and saponin. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff against Streptococcus mutans was in concentration 3.125%, and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was in concentration 6.25%.
 Conclusion. Purple Leaf Extract [Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff] has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.

Mobe leaf (Artocarpus lakoocha Buch. Ham) ethanol extract’s antibacterial activity on Streptococcus mutans cell membrane leakage and biofilm formation: An in vitro study

“…Jiratanakittiwat et al 41 showed that an ethanol solvent is the best diluent for getting the best extraction results; a higher ethanol content and a longer time extraction period will give rise to a higher oxyresveratrol content. 42 In this research, an ethanol solvent was used for ethanol extraction using mobe leaves.…”

“…Flavonoid compounds work against bacteria in a number of ways, e.g., preventing the production of nucleic acids, the function of cytoplasmic membranes, preventing bacteria from using oxygen for energy metabolism, and preventing the synthesis of cell membranes by forming intricate compounds with extracellular proteins. 42,[45][46][47][48] Joycharat et al 49 studied the antibacterial effect of flavonoids on S. mutans ATCC 25175 bacteria using an Albizia myriophylla wood ethanol extract. The results showed that lupinifoline (from the flavonoid group) had an antibacterial effect that was almost comparable to 0.5 µg/ml chlorhexidine.…”

Eksplorasi Jenis dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Di Bumi Patowonua, Kabupaten Kolaka Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara

“…Kulit dan daun berlendir berbau kurang enak (Kariman, 2014). Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung di dalam daun ungu meliputi steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin sehingga memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri (Juniarti et al, 2021). Secara empiris daun ungu telah digunakan masyarakat Bumi Patowonua sebagai antibakteri, mengatasi wasir dan sembelit, dengan cara dimasak daun ungu dengan sedikit air, setelah mendidih disaring.…”

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Purple Leaf Extract (Graptophyllum Pictum L. Griff) Against Lactobacillus Acidophilus Atcc 4356

“…Phytochemical analysis of purple leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, chlorophyll, nontoxic alkaloids, and anthocyanins (Makkiyah et al, 2021). Research on the antibacterial activity of purple leaves extract against L. acidophilus has been carried out using the liquid dilution method to obtain a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 6.25% (Juniarti et al, 2021). However, determining MIC by dilution is difficult for dark concentrated extracts (Sari et al, 2015).…”

“…However, determining MIC by dilution is difficult for dark concentrated extracts (Sari et al, 2015). Purple leaves extract has a deep purple-black color due to the high content of flavonoids (Juniarti et al, 2021). Therefore, research is needed to determine MIC with other methods.…”