Phytochemical Analyses, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. Varieties

Abstract

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is revered as s ‘miracle tree’ due to its remarkable nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses. In our study, a comparative analysis of the nutritional parameters (antioxidant activity, sugar content—TSS, total soluble proteins—TSP and mineral contents), phytochemicals (HPLC analysis of four anticancer compounds), and cytotoxicity of M. oleifera leaf extracts (MLEs) of five selected varieties (conventional, PKM-1, PKM-2, ODC, and Jaffna), was performed. Jaffna variety possessed the highest antioxidant activity (FRAP) followed by other four varieties. The trend observed was: Jaffna (9.47 µg/mL, 18.48 µg/mL, 29.39 µg/mL, and 35.37 µg/mL) > PKM-1 (4.82 µg/mL, 7.63 µg/mL, 22.33 µg/mL, and 27.71 µg/mL) > PKM-2 (2.10 µg/mL, 7.04 µg/mL, 13.18 µg/mL, and 21.78 µg/mL) > ODC (0.17 µg/mL, 2.10 µg/mL, 4.41 µg/mL and 13.94 µg/mL) > Conventional (0.05 µg/mL, 1.08 µg/mL, 2.86 µg/mL, and 5.40 µg/mL), total soluble proteins (TSP) [0.69 ± 0.01 and 0.94 ± 0.01 µg/mL (young and mature stage, respectively)], sugar content (TSS) [0.39 ± 0.01 and 0.51 ± 0.01 µg/mL (young and mature stage, respectively)], chlorophyll content [1.07 ± 0.01 (plantlet stage), 1.36 ± 0.003 (vegetative-stage), 0.82 ± 0.004 (reproductive stage) mg/g], followed by the other four varieties. The trend observed for cytotoxic activities of ethanolic MLEs on HepG2 cell line, based on the IC50 values, was conventional (1.22 mg/mL) > ODC (0.90 mg/mL) > PKM-2 (0.65 mg/mL) > PKM-1 (0.35 mg/mL) > Jaffna (0.15 mg/mL). The results of HPLC quantification of anticancer compounds [beta-sitosterol (0.244%), quercetin (0.216%), kaempferol (0.013%), and moringin (0.063%)] was also in consonance with that of MTT assay. In summary, the trend observed in all the parameters tested was Jaffna > PKM-1 > PKM-2 > ODC > conventional. Thus, Jaffna variety has a better potential to combat malnutrition and cancer and must be recommended for commercial plantations.

Photoactive metabolite mediated photodynamic therapy of Rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines using medicinal plants and Doxorubicin co-treatments

“…Higher doses of Moringa oliefera alone and in combination with Dox-HCl and with PDT showed significant cell death is in accordance with work done earlier on other cancer cell lines and also in combination with the chemo drug and PDT [ 38 ]. It has shown significant cytotoxicity due to the occurrence of bioactive compounds and their metabolites [ 24 ]. Bioactive compounds such as isopropyl, isothiocyanate, D-allose, cetene octadecene, tetradecane, octadecanoic acid, and palmitic acid are present exclusively in the leaves extract of Moringa [ 39 ].…”

“…For the preparation of plant extract (P.E), the powdered sample (30 gm.) of every plant was soaked in 300 ml (1; 10) of 70% ethanol (ETOH) for 72 h. Using a glass rod mixtures were [ 24 ] stirred every 24 h and then filtered using a Whatman filter paper. A rotary evaporator ( SENCO ® ) at a temperature of 40–45ºC for 6 h at 200 rpm was used to concentrate the filtrates and then the filtrate was dried in an oven at 50ºC.…”

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa oleifera Seed and Press Cake Powder: A Comparative Analysis

“…In this study, high quality (Periyakulam 1, PKM 1) MO seeds [ 35 ] were procured from a local supplier (Ignition Impex, India) for the powder preparation. The procured seeds were deshelled, and the wings and coat of seeds were removed manually before grinding it into an electric food‐grade blender.…”

Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Centella asiatica Herba Extract and Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract as An Anti-Aging Emulgel

“…Asiaticoside in Centella asiatica L. (also known as Gotu kola) and β-sitosterol in Moringa oleifera have antioxidant activity, a potential active ingredient in anti-aging dosage forms. [18][19][20][21][22] Gotu kola contains vitamins C and B, with its main active ingredient being triterpenoid glycosides like asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, madecassoside, sitosterol, kaempferol, and polyacetylene compounds. 19 This plant is recognized for its antioxidant and ethanol extract antioxidant activity against the DPPH free radical of 79.49 (%), corresponding to 6.059±0.022 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW has been reported.…”