“…The soil pH increased by an average of 0.24 and 0.18 units, whereas EC increased by 36 and 56.6 units at a 5% BB application to smelter (FC) and mines (TG) polluted soils, respectively. These results were in accordance with the previous research findings 24, 27 .Figure 1Effect of bamboo biochar amendments on soil pH and EC in Feng county and Tongguan soil. The data represent the mean of three replicates, and the error bars are standard deviations.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Similarly, another study reported 33 and 75% decreases in Cd and Pb uptake in shoots after 5 and 10% biochar incorporation in soil, respectively 26 . Likewise, Cd and Pb uptake in Nicotiana tabacum significantly decreased by 5.4–52.3 and 7.2–58.5%, respectively 27 .Figure 3Effect of bamboo biochar on shoot uptake (mg kg −1 DW) of HMs in Brassica juncea . The data represent the mean of three replicates, and the error bars are standard deviation.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Other researchers also reported the role of biochar in enhancing the dry weight of roots, stems and leaves of plants 10, 26 . The root dry biomass of Nicotiana tabacum increased by 63.9–128.2% compared to the control 27 .Figure 5Effect of bamboo biochar on shoot and root dry biomass (g pot −1 ) of Brassica juncea . The data represent the mean of three replicates, and the error bars are standard deviations.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Soil pH is of vital importance to decreasing bioavailable HMs in soil. BB is alkaline in nature (Table 1), having a liming effect on FC and TG soil 27, 28 . The content of HMs (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) translocated in the Brassica juncea shoot is shown in Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HMs adsorb on the biochar surface and can make complex with the dissolved organic C and HCO 3 in biochar. This will lead to immobilization of HMs, reduce their concentration in soil and lower translocation in plants 27, 33 .…”
Anthropogenic activities have transformed the global geochemical cycling of heavy metals (HMs). Many physical, chemical and biological methods are used to reduce the toxicity of HMs to humans, plants and environment. This study aimed to investigate the immobilization and phytotoxicity reduction of HMs after application of bamboo biochar (BB) in mine-polluted soil in Feng county (FC) and Tongguan (TG). The results showed that BB application to contaminated soil immobilized HMs (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu). The soil pH and EC increased and the bioavailability of HMs decreased in FC and TG, whereas Pb and Cu increased in TG soil. The addition of BB reduced HMs uptake in the shoot/root of Brassica juncea. Physiological responses showed that BB application improved the shoot/root growth, dry biomass, and enhanced the chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid concentrations in Brassica. The incorporation of BB improved the soil health and accelerated enzymatic activities (β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and urease) in HMs polluted soils. Antioxidant activities (POD, PPO, CAT and SOD) were also used as biomarkers to determine the negative effects of HMs on the growth of Brassica. Overall, the immobilization potential and phytotoxicity reduction of HMs were confirmed by BCF, TF and MEA for both soils.
“…The soil pH increased by an average of 0.24 and 0.18 units, whereas EC increased by 36 and 56.6 units at a 5% BB application to smelter (FC) and mines (TG) polluted soils, respectively. These results were in accordance with the previous research findings 24, 27 .Figure 1Effect of bamboo biochar amendments on soil pH and EC in Feng county and Tongguan soil. The data represent the mean of three replicates, and the error bars are standard deviations.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Similarly, another study reported 33 and 75% decreases in Cd and Pb uptake in shoots after 5 and 10% biochar incorporation in soil, respectively 26 . Likewise, Cd and Pb uptake in Nicotiana tabacum significantly decreased by 5.4–52.3 and 7.2–58.5%, respectively 27 .Figure 3Effect of bamboo biochar on shoot uptake (mg kg −1 DW) of HMs in Brassica juncea . The data represent the mean of three replicates, and the error bars are standard deviation.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Other researchers also reported the role of biochar in enhancing the dry weight of roots, stems and leaves of plants 10, 26 . The root dry biomass of Nicotiana tabacum increased by 63.9–128.2% compared to the control 27 .Figure 5Effect of bamboo biochar on shoot and root dry biomass (g pot −1 ) of Brassica juncea . The data represent the mean of three replicates, and the error bars are standard deviations.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Soil pH is of vital importance to decreasing bioavailable HMs in soil. BB is alkaline in nature (Table 1), having a liming effect on FC and TG soil 27, 28 . The content of HMs (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) translocated in the Brassica juncea shoot is shown in Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HMs adsorb on the biochar surface and can make complex with the dissolved organic C and HCO 3 in biochar. This will lead to immobilization of HMs, reduce their concentration in soil and lower translocation in plants 27, 33 .…”
Anthropogenic activities have transformed the global geochemical cycling of heavy metals (HMs). Many physical, chemical and biological methods are used to reduce the toxicity of HMs to humans, plants and environment. This study aimed to investigate the immobilization and phytotoxicity reduction of HMs after application of bamboo biochar (BB) in mine-polluted soil in Feng county (FC) and Tongguan (TG). The results showed that BB application to contaminated soil immobilized HMs (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu). The soil pH and EC increased and the bioavailability of HMs decreased in FC and TG, whereas Pb and Cu increased in TG soil. The addition of BB reduced HMs uptake in the shoot/root of Brassica juncea. Physiological responses showed that BB application improved the shoot/root growth, dry biomass, and enhanced the chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid concentrations in Brassica. The incorporation of BB improved the soil health and accelerated enzymatic activities (β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and urease) in HMs polluted soils. Antioxidant activities (POD, PPO, CAT and SOD) were also used as biomarkers to determine the negative effects of HMs on the growth of Brassica. Overall, the immobilization potential and phytotoxicity reduction of HMs were confirmed by BCF, TF and MEA for both soils.
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