Phytoalexins — A Working Redefinition

Paxton, J. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1981.tb03327.x

Cited by 201 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…A phytoalexin was purified by a combination of reverse phase flash chromatography, thin layer chromatography, followed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The Arabidopsis phytoalexin was identified as 3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole on the basis of ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectral, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and '3C-nuclear magnetic resonance data.Phytoalexins are low mol wt, antimicrobial compounds of plant origin that accumulate after inoculation with a plant pathogen (14). A number of observations support the hypothesis that phytoalexins play a role in the defense response of plants to pathogens.…”

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Phytoalexin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during the Hypersensitive Reaction to Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae

et al. 1992

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Inoculation of leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with the wheat pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, resulted in the expression of the hypersensitive reaction and in phytoalexin accumulation. No phytoalexin accumulation was detected after infiltration of leaves with a mutant of P. s. syringae deficient in the ability to elicit a hypersensitive reaction; with the crucifer pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris; or with 10 milimolar potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9). Phytoalexin accumulation was correlated with the restricted in vivo growth of P. s. syringae. A phytoalexin was purified by a combination of reverse phase flash chromatography, thin layer chromatography, followed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The Arabidopsis phytoalexin was identified as 3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole on the basis of ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectral, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and '3C-nuclear magnetic resonance data.Phytoalexins are low mol wt, antimicrobial compounds of plant origin that accumulate after inoculation with a plant pathogen (14). A number of observations support the hypothesis that phytoalexins play a role in the defense response of plants to pathogens. Phytoalexins are absent in healthy tissues and accumulate after infection by fungal (18,24,30) or bacterial (9, 1 1) pathogens in monocotyledonous plants (24) as well as in dicotyledonous plants (9,18,30). Phytoalexins have been demonstrated to accumulate rapidly at the site of attempted infection in sufficient quantities to inhibit the in vitro growth of fungi (18,30) and bacteria (9). Virulence of the fungus Nectria haematococca on pea is correlated with the ability to detoxify the phytoalexin pisatin (28). Furthermore, transformation of Cochliobolus heterostrophus with the gene encoding pisatin demethylase allowed this maize patho-

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confidence: 66%

“…Phytoalexins are low mol wt, antimicrobial compounds of plant origin that accumulate after inoculation with a plant pathogen (14). A number of observations support the hypothesis that phytoalexins play a role in the defense response of plants to pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Phytoalexin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during the Hypersensitive Reaction to Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae

et al. 1992

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“…Thèse compounds satisfy the définition of phytoalexins (Paxton 1981) in C. bursa-pastoris as they are antimicrobial and are accumulated in the plant after challenge by the pathogen. Also, they resemble other phytoalexins from plants of the family Brassicaceae in containing an indole moiety and sulphur (Gross 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phytoalexins produced in the leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd’s purse)

Jiménez¹,

Ayer²,

Tewari³

2005

phyto

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Three phytoalexins, camalexin (C11H8N2S), 6-methoxycamalexin (C12H10N2SO), and N-methylcamalexin (C12H10N2S), were isolated from shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) challenged by Alternaria brassicae. N-methylcamalexin has not been reported previously. Phytoalexin elicitation in shepherd's purse is associated with its resistance to A. brassicae, a pathogen which causes an important disease of cruciferous crops in many parts of the world.

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“…232 A more recent consensus definition has gained general acceptance: phytoalexins are low-molecular-weight antimicrobial compounds that are synthesized by and accumulated in plants after exposure to microorganisms. 220,233 Production of phytoalexins is also induced by abiotic elicitors, including heavy metals and biosurfactants, biotic elicitors such as pathogen-derived constituents (the so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns), and ultraviolet (UV) light.…”

Section: Phytoalexinsmentioning

confidence: 99%