Phyto-oestrogens and cancer

Adlercreutz, Herman

doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(02)00777-5

Cited by 593 publications

(426 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Lignans, found in seeds, legumes, berries and cereals (Milder et al, 2005;Penalvo et al, 2005a), may have health benefits and possibly protect, or indicate protection against chronic diseases such as breast and prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease (Vanharanta et al, 1999(Vanharanta et al, , 2003Adlercreutz, 2002). The mammalian intestinal micro flora converts plant lignans into enterolignans, mainly enterolactone (ENL) (Heinonen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in fasting and non-fasting serum enterolactone concentrations in women of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

et al. 2007

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the variation of enterolactone from fasting and non-fasting blood of middleaged healthy women eating a normal diet to determine the usefulness of a single sample in epidemiological studies. Subjects and methods: Twenty-six women born between 1940 and 1950 were recruited within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Three non-fasting and two overnight fasting samples were collected from each individual during a 5-week period. Twenty-one participated in all measurements. Enterolactone concentrations were analyzed by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Results: The within-subject and between-subject variations (coefficient of variations, CV) were estimated to 59 and 89% respectively for fasting samples and 71 and 67% for non-fasting samples. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were estimated to 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.84) for fasting and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.22-0.72) for non-fasting samples. Conclusions: Although the estimated ICC for blood samples was moderate, it indicates that enterolactone levels of both fasting and non-fasting blood samples should be useful in future projects within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in fasting and non-fasting serum enterolactone concentrations in women of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

et al. 2007

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“…Lignans are primarily found in oilseeds such as flaxseed (Table 1), and in lesser amounts in whole legumes, whole grain cereals, vegetables, and fruits . The primary isoflavones found in plants are genistein, daidzein, formononetin, glycitein, and biochanin-A; the primary lignans found in plants are secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, and the recently identified pinoresinol, lariciresinol, and syringaresinol (Adlercreutz, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 C-tracer studies have shown that equol is derived solely from daidzein, not genistein (Setchell et al, 2003). Adlercreutz (2002) suggested for pinoresinol, lariciresinol, and syringaresinol, a multistep metabolic pathway that leads to their eventual conversion to enterodiol. Secoisolariciresinol can lose water and methyl groups to form enterodiol or can undergo ring formation and demethylation to form matairesinol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have associated phytoestrogen consumption and/or excretion with reduced risk for hormone-dependent cancers, as well as for coronary heart disease, symptoms of menopause and osteoporosis (Adlercreutz et al, 1992;Adlercreutz 1995;Gambacciani et al, 1997;Anderson et al, 1999;Cassidy and Griffin, 1999;Adlercreutz 2002;Bhathena and Velasquez, 2002;Clarkson, 2002;de Kleijn et al, 2002). For example, soy ingestion in rodents has been associated with a decrease in the growth of breast cancer tumors (Barnes et al, 1990), and flaxseed ingestion protects against both breast and colon cancers in rodents Thompson, 1991, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U.S. population (1999–2000)

Valentín-Blasini

Sadowski

Walden

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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We report population-based urinary concentrations of phytoestrogens stratified by age, sex, and composite racial/ethnic variables. We measured the isoflavones F genistein, daidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) F and the lignans F enterolactone and enterodiol F in approximately 2500 urine samples from individuals aged 6 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999 and 2000. We detected all phytoestrogens in over 70% of the samples analyzed; enterolactone was detected in the highest concentrations, and daidzein was detected with the highest frequency. The geometric means for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 22.3 mg/g; daidzein, 68.6 mg/g; equol, 7.65 mg/g; O-DMA, 3.95 mg/g; enterolactone, 217 mg/g; and enterodiol, 24.3 mg/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 380 mg/g; daidzein, 944 mg/g; equol, 50.3 mg/g; O-DMA, 217 mg/g; enterolactone, 2240 mg/g; and enterodiol, 240 mg/g creatinine. Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant differences among many of the demographic subgroups. Adolescents had higher concentrations of genistein and equol than adults. Non-Hispanic whites had higher concentrations of enterodiol and equol than Mexican Americans or non-Hispanic blacks. Non-Hispanic whites also had higher concentrations of enterolactone and O-DMA than Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans had higher concentrations of genistein than non-Hispanic blacks; however, the opposite was found for O-DMA. Determination of phytoestrogen exposure in the US population will help us to better understand phytoestrogen consumption in the US and will assist us in elucidating the potential role of phytoestrogens in protecting against cancer and heart disease.

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“…Equol is a metabolite produced in the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial metabolism of daidzein, and there is some evidence that equol has higher hormonal activity that genistein and daidzein 30, 3130, 32 but its role in humans remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating isoflavone and lignan concentrations and prostate cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies including 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls

Pérez-Cornago

Appleby

Boeing

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Phytoestrogens may influence prostate cancer development. This study aimed to examine the association between prediagnostic circulating concentrations of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, equol) and lignans (enterolactone and enterodiol) and the risk of prostate cancer. Individual participant data were available from seven prospective studies (two studies from Japan with 241 cases and 503 controls and five studies from Europe with 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls). Because of the large difference in circulating isoflavone concentrations between Japan and Europe, analyses of the associations of isoflavone concentrations and prostate cancer risk were evaluated separately. Prostate cancer risk by study‐specific fourths of circulating concentrations of each phytoestrogen was estimated using multivariable‐adjusted conditional logistic regression. In men from Japan, those with high compared to low circulating equol concentrations had a lower risk of prostate cancer (multivariable‐adjusted OR for upper quartile [Q4] vs. Q1 = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39–0.97), although there was no significant trend (OR per 75 percentile increase = 0.69, 95 CI = 0.46–1.05, p trend = 0.085); Genistein and daidzein concentrations were not significantly associated with risk (ORs for Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.70, 0.45–1.10 and 0.71, 0.45–1.12, respectively). In men from Europe, circulating concentrations of genistein, daidzein and equol were not associated with risk. Circulating lignan concentrations were not associated with the risk of prostate cancer, overall or by disease aggressiveness or time to diagnosis. There was no strong evidence that prediagnostic circulating concentrations of isoflavones or lignans are associated with prostate cancer risk, although further research is warranted in populations where isoflavone intakes are high.

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Phyto-oestrogens and cancer

Cited by 593 publications

References 65 publications

Variation in fasting and non-fasting serum enterolactone concentrations in women of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

Variation in fasting and non-fasting serum enterolactone concentrations in women of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U.S. population (1999–2000)

Circulating isoflavone and lignan concentrations and prostate cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies including 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls

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