Phyto- and chronostratigraphical correlations between the late Pennsylvanian Morien Group (Sydney, Nova Scotia) and the Silesian Pennant Measures (south Wales)

Zodrow, Erwin L.; Cleal, Christopher J.

doi:10.1139/e85-152

Cited by 65 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…2 (Zodrow & Cleal 1985, fig. 5a), thermal maturity increased to Ro 0.85% or more (Hacquebard & Cameron 1989, fig.…”

Section: Geological Observations On Fcs In the Sydney Coalfieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)

Zodrow¹,

Mastalerz²

2009

Bull. Geosci.

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Fossilized cuticles, though rare in the roof rocks of coal seam in the younger part of the Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, represent nearly all of the major plant groups. Selected for investigation, by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis, are fossilized cuticles (FCs) and cuticles extracted from compressions by Schulze's process (CCs) of Alethopteris ambigua. These investigations are supplemented by FTIR analysis of FCs and CCs of Cordaites principalis, and a cuticle-fossilized medullosalean(?) axis. The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to try to determine biochemical discriminators between FCs and CCs of the same species using semi-quantitative FTIR techniques; (2) to assess the effects chemical treatments have, particularly Schulze's process, on functional groups; and most importantly (3) to study the primary origin of FCs. Results are equivocal in respect to (1); (2) after Schulze's treatment aliphatic moieties tend to be reduced relative to oxygenated groups, and some aliphatic chains may be shortened; and (3) a primary chemical model is proposed. The model is based on a variety of geological observations, including stratal distribution, clay and pyrite mineralogies associated with FCs and compressions, and regional geological structure. The model presupposes compression-cuticle fossilization under anoxic conditions for late authigenic deposition of sub-micron-sized pyrite on the compressions. Rock joints subsequently provided conduits for oxygen-enriched ground-water circulation to initiate in situ pyritic oxidation that produced sulfuric acid for macerating compressions, with resultant loss of vitrinite, but with preservation of cuticles as FCs. The timing of the process remains undetermined, though it is assumed to be late to post-diagenetic. Although FCs represent a pathway of organic matter transformation (pomd) distinct from other plant-fossilization processes, global applicability of the chemical models remains to be tested. CCs and FCs are inferred endpoints on a spectrum of pomd which complicates assessing origin of in-between transformations (partially macerated cuticles). FCs index highly acidic levels that existed locally in the roof rocks.•

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“…2 (Zodrow & Cleal 1985, fig. 5a), thermal maturity increased to Ro 0.85% or more (Hacquebard & Cameron 1989, fig.…”

Section: Geological Observations On Fcs In the Sydney Coalfieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)

Zodrow¹,

Mastalerz²

2009

Bull. Geosci.

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“…The Pictou red beds reach 1650 m in thickness in the Cumberland Basin and 3000 m northward in the Gulf of St Lawrence (van de Poll et al 1995). By the end of the Cantabrian (Zodrow & Cleal 1985), lepidodendrid-based wetland ecosystems, last witnessed in Nova Scotia by the fossil forest at Cranberrry Head, Sydney Basin, collapsed and were replaced by a mesic to xeric flora, recorded in the compression flora by taxa such as Pecopteris arborescens, Cordaites sp. and Walchia sp.…”

Section: Stephanian To Lower Permianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The faunal list will provide the reader with details of the taxonomic groups discussed in the paper and hopefully will induce subsequent researchers to make further comparisons with the palaeontological record of Euramerica in North America and Europe. The chronostratigraphy of the Carboniferous of Nova Scotia was developed foremost on the basis of floral biostratigraphy, but with notable exceptions (Zodrow & Cleal 1985;Zodrow & Vasey 1986) has been underutilized in recent decades. The macroflora taxonomy, although in need of revision, similarly is compiled here for the first time in recognition of its fundamental importance to the chronostratigraphy of the Nova Scotian Carboniferous (Appendix B).…”

Section: The Carboniferous Fossil Record Of Nova Scotiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The macroflora taxonomy, although in need of revision, similarly is compiled here for the first time in recognition of its fundamental importance to the chronostratigraphy of the Nova Scotian Carboniferous (Appendix B). Systematic study of the revised macrofloral taxonomy, such as that undertaken for the later Westphalian and Stephanian by Zodrow & Cleal (1985) is required to realize their potential contribution to Maritimes Basin and Euramerican correlation (Wagner & Lyons 1997).…”

Section: The Carboniferous Fossil Record Of Nova Scotiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orographic effects of the rising assembly of the Pangaean plates and consequent basin inversion and subsequent unroofing in the Maritimes-West-European province and global fall in world ocean levels during the Permian also contributed to the trend. The latest vestiges of peat accumulation and hydromorphic gleysols are found in the Cantabrian (Zodrow & Cleal 1985) fossil lepidodendrid forest atop the Point Aconi seam of the Sydney Basin. Succeeding calcrete-bearing vertisols (Chandler pers.…”

Section: The Carboniferous Palaeoclimate Of Nova Scotiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Carboniferous evolution of Nova Scotia

Calder¹

1998

105

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Palynological evidence for Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) vegetation change in the Sydney Coalfield, eastern Canada

et al. 2010

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The palynology of clastic samples from seven stratigraphical levels in the late Moscovian Sydney Mines Formation, exposed along the shore at Bras d'Or, Nova Scotia, has been investigated. Most of the samples were from roof shales of major coals; the one sample that was not yielded a much higher proportion of pollen derived from extra-basinal vegetation. The four stratigraphically lower roof shale samples yielded essentially similar palynological spectra, with 39 AE 4% lycophytes, 9 AE 4% sphenophylls, 23 AE 4% tree-ferns, 12 AE 4% other ferns and 5 AE 3% cordaites. The palynology of the upper part of the investigated succession suggests a shift in vegetation towards one favouring more marattialean treeferns, cordaites and conifers, and fewer lycophytes. This correlates with changes in drainage patterns as the alluvial plain migrated seawards and thus changed water tables. No evidence was found to suggest significant climate change at this time.

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Phyto- and chronostratigraphical correlations between the late Pennsylvanian Morien Group (Sydney, Nova Scotia) and the Silesian Pennant Measures (south Wales)

Cited by 65 publications

References 13 publications

A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)

A proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada)

The Carboniferous evolution of Nova Scotia

Palynological evidence for Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) vegetation change in the Sydney Coalfield, eastern Canada

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