Phytate Phosphorus Intake and Disappearance in the Gastrointestinal Tract of High Producing Dairy Cows

Clark, W.D.; Wohlt, J.E.; Gilbreath, Rex L.; Zajác, Peter

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(86)80780-9

Cited by 51 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It should be noted that phytic acid is rumen degradable (112) ; therefore, dietary inclusion of rice bran would not represent a viable alternative to zeolites. Ruminal degradation of phytic acid has been studied extensively in recent decades to determine the need for supplemental P in ruminants and minimise its environmental impact.…”

Section: Dietary Inclusion Of Calcium Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle

Martín-Tereso

Verstegen

2011

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Most dairy cows exhibit different degrees of hypocalcaemia around calving because the gestational Ca requirements shift to the disproportionately high Ca requirements of lactation. Ca homeostasis is a robust system that effectively adapts to changes in Ca demand or supply. However, these adaptations often are not rapid enough to avoid hypocalcaemia. A delay in the reconfiguration of intestinal Ca absorption and bone resorption is probably the underlying cause of this transient hypocalcaemia. Several dietary factors that affect different aspects of Ca metabolism are known to reduce the incidence of milk fever. The present review describes the interactions between nutrition and Ca homeostasis using observations from cattle and extrapolations from other species and aims to quantitatively model the effects of the nutritional approaches that are used to induce dry cows into an early adaptation of Ca metabolism. The present model suggests that reducing dietary cation -anion difference (DCAD) increases Ca clearance from the blood by dietary induction of systemic acidosis, which results in hypercalciuria due to the loss of function of the renal Ca transient receptor potential vanilloid channel TRPV5. Alternatively, reducing the gastrointestinal availability of Ca by reducing dietary Ca or its nutritional availability will also induce the activation of Ca metabolism to compensate for basal blood Ca clearance. Our model of gastrointestinal Ca availability as well as blood Ca clearance in the transition dairy cow allowed us to conclude that the most common dietary strategies for milk fever prevention may have analogous modes of action that are based on the principle of metabolic adaptation before calving.

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Section: Dietary Inclusion Of Calcium Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle

Martín-Tereso

Verstegen

2011

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…At such levels, phytate phosphorus may be almost completely hydrolysed by the enzymes of rumen micro-organisms. When the proportion of phytate phosphorus is less than 50% of total P supply, about 90% of phytate phosphorus is hydrolysed by rumen bacteria [3,17,18,21,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilisation of phytate phosphorus by rumen bacteria in a semi-continuous culture system (Rusitec) in lactating goats fed on different forage to concentrate ratios

Godoy¹,

Meschy²

2001

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-Experimental data on phytate phosphorus utilisation by ruminants are scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the phytase activity of rumen micro-organisms when phytate phosphorus supply is high. A semi-continuous culture system fermentor (RUSITEC) was used. The inoculum was obtained from eight goats fed on either high or low forage level diets. Experimental buffers only differed by the nature of phosphorus monosodium phosphate vs. corn sodium phytate. The nylon bags containing 15 g DM of substrate were removed after a 48-hour incubation period. The system was maintained for 15 days: 5 days for adaptation, in order to obtain a steady state, and 10 days for sampling and recording. No significant differences were observed for DM digestibility, gas production, pH, N-NH 3 , and SCFA for the different treatments. Bacterial efficiency of phytate phosphorus utilisation was significantly higher (p < 0.001) with organic P, but remained lower than the data usually reported in the literature. These results may be explained by the relative saturation of bacterial phytase activity when the buffer contains a high level of phytate phosphorus. phosphorus / phytate / ruminant / bacteria / in vitroRésumé -Mesure en fermenteur semi-continu (Rusitec) de l'utilisation du phosphore phytique par les bactéries du rumen chez la chèvre laitière recevant des régimes de différentes proportions fourrage-concentré. Les informations sur l'utilisation du phosphore phytique par les bactéries du rumen sont peu nombreuses. Le but de cet essai était d'évaluer in vitro (RUSITEC) l'efficacité de l'activité phytasique des micro-organismes recevant une proportion élevée de phosphore phytique. L'inoculum a été prélevé sur des chèvres recevant des régimes haut ou bas en aliment concentré. Dans les solutions nutritives, seule la nature du phosphore (phosphate monosodique vs. phytate de sodium de maïs) était différente. Les sachets nylon contenant 15 g de MS de substrat étaient maintenus 48 h Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41 (2001) [259][260][261][262][263][264][265] 259

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“…O fósforo fítico, encontrado em grãos de cereais, é considerado de boa disponibilidade para bovinos adultos (Clark et al, 1986). Assim, embora as vacas de MMR recebessem mistura mineral sem uma fonte de fósforo, o aporte de P via concentrado foi considerado adequado.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Metabolismo ósseo de vacas jovens Nelore em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha suplementadas ou não durante a seca com fósforo/cálcio e concentrado

Nicodemo¹,

Moraes²,

Thiago³

et al. 2005

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Vacas sob dietas deficientes em fósforo (P) não têm respondido à suplementação desse elemento no final da gestação, mesmo com adequação de outros nutrientes, mas parecem responder na lactação. Estudou-se a resposta à suplementação de cálcio e de fósforo com ou sem proteína e energia, durante a seca, sobre o metabolismo ósseo de vacas em pastejo. Todos os animais receberam mistura mineral completa nas águas, enquanto, na seca, mistura mineral completa (MMC) e mistura mineral sem fosfato bicálcico, com (MMR) ou sem (MM) suplemento protéico-energético. Vacas recebendo suplemento protéico-energético durante a seca tenderam à menor variação nas medidas ósseas. As concentrações de Ca nas cinzas dos ossos foram sempre inferiores a 34%, sem qualquer sintoma de deficiência do elemento. A concentração de P nas cinzas também esteve marginal em relação às concentrações consideradas adequadas, mesmo nas vacas que recebiam P suplementar o ano todo, enquanto o P plasmático permaneceu na faixa normal. Osteocalcina e fosfatase alcalina óssea apresentaram valores mais elevados durante a gestação, época em que deoxipiridinolina apresentou valores mais baixos. As vacas que receberam suplemento protéico-energético na seca também apresentaram valores de deoxipiridinolina mais baixos. Deoxipiridinolina aumentou na época do parto e no início de lactação. Independentemente dos tratamentos estudados, vacas de cria não apresentaram sinais de deterioração da qualidade do osso em três anos de experimento.Palavras-chave: bovino de corte, cerrado, marcadores, osso, suplementação Bone Metabolism of Young Nellore Cows in Brachiaria brizantha Pastures Supplemented or not During the Dry Season with Dicalcium Phosphate and ConcentrateABSTRACT -Cows on diets deficient in P have not responded P supplementation during late pregnancy, although they may respond in early lactation. Bone metabolism of range cows has been monitored. All cows received complete mineral mixtures during wet season; during dry season, the imposed treatments were: complete mineral mixtures (MMC) or mineral mixtures lacking dicalcium phosphate, supplemented (MMR) or not (MM) with concentrate. Cows supplemented with the concentrate tended to show less variation on bone measurements. Calcium concentrations on bone ash were always below 34% without any symptom of Ca deficiency. Phosphorus concentrations on bone ash were also marginal, even in cows that received additional P all year round, while plasma P was always normal. Osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase showed higher values (P<0.05) during late pregancy, when deoxypyridinoline concentrations were the lowest. Deoxypyridinoline increased at parturition and during early lactation. Cows that received concentrate also presented lower deoxypyridinoline mean values. After three years, beef cows did not show signs of bone loss in any of the treatments.

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Phytate Phosphorus Intake and Disappearance in the Gastrointestinal Tract of High Producing Dairy Cows

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle

A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle

Utilisation of phytate phosphorus by rumen bacteria in a semi-continuous culture system (Rusitec) in lactating goats fed on different forage to concentrate ratios

Metabolismo ósseo de vacas jovens Nelore em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha suplementadas ou não durante a seca com fósforo/cálcio e concentrado

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