Phytate in feed ingredients and potentials for improving the utilization of phosphorus in ruminant nutrition

Humer, Elke; Zebeli, Qendrim

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.07.028

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Phosphorus nutrition has received renewed interest due to its potential environmental effects and the limitations of the global raw phosphate stores (Kincaid and Rodehutscord, 2005). From a nutritional point of view, a major challenge is to meet the requirements of the animal while minimizing P excretion to the environment (Humer and Zebeli, 2015). On the other hand, in vitro ruminant studies have shown that low P supply decreases microbial protein synthesis, cellulose degradation, and the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; Komisarczuk et al, 1987a,b), indicating decreased ruminal microbial activity and fermentation efficiency due to insufficient P supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Treatment of grain with organic acids at 2 different dietary phosphorus levels modulates ruminal microbial community structure and fermentation patterns in vitro

Harder

Khol-Parisini

Metzler‐Zebeli

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Recent data indicate positive effects of treating grain with citric (CAc) or lactic acid (LAc) on the hydrolysis of phytate phosphorus (P) and fermentation products of the grain. This study used a semicontinuous rumen simulation technique to evaluate the effects of processing of barley with 50.25 g/L (wt/vol) CAc or 76.25 g/L LAc on microbial composition, metabolic fermentation profile, and nutrient degradation at low or high dietary P supply. The low P diet [3.1g of P per kg of dry matter (DM) of dietary P sources only] was not supplemented with inorganic P, whereas the high P diet was supplemented with 0.5 g of inorganic P per kg of DM through mineral premix and 870 mg of inorganic P/d per incubation fermenter via artificial saliva. Target microbes were determined using quantitative PCR. Data showed depression of total bacteria but not of total protozoa or short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration with the low P diet. In addition, the low P diet lowered the relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus and decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation and acetate proportion, but increased the abundance of several predominantly noncellulolytic bacterial species and anaerobic fungi. Treatment of grain with LAc increased the abundance of total bacteria in the low P diet only, and this effect was associated with a greater concentration of SCFA in the ruminal fluid. Interestingly, in the low P diet, CAc treatment of barley increased the most prevalent bacterial group, the genus Prevotella, in ruminal fluid and increased NDF degradation to the same extent as did inorganic P supplementation in the high P diet. Treatment with either CAc or LAc lowered the abundance of Megasphaera elsdenii but only in the low P diet. On the other hand, CAc treatment increased the proportion of acetate in the low P diet, whereas LAc treatment decreased this variable at both dietary P levels. The propionate proportion was significantly increased by LAc at both P levels, whereas butyrate increased only with the low P diet. Treatments with CAc or LAc reduced the degradation of CP and ammonia concentration compared with the control diet at both P levels. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of CAc and LAc treatment on specific ruminal microbes, fermentation profile, and fiber degradation in the low P diet suggest the potential for the treatment to compensate for the lack of inorganic P supplementation in vitro. Further research is warranted to determine the extent to which the treatment can alleviate the shortage of inorganic P supplementation under in vivo conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Treatment of grain with organic acids at 2 different dietary phosphorus levels modulates ruminal microbial community structure and fermentation patterns in vitro

Harder

Khol-Parisini

Metzler‐Zebeli

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In contrast, the extra P may depress the ruminal energy supply by decreasing nutrient degradation and SCFA generation. This is an interesting finding because the inorganic P is commonly supplemented to diets with total P levels meeting cattle's P requirement to avoid depression of fiber degradation (Humer and Zebeli, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, the high P content in by-products may be attractive for cattle nutrition. However, the P in these by-products is mostly bound as phytate-P, which is less ruminally available (Humer and Zebeli, 2015). Regardless of the microbial phytase activity in the rumen (Clark et al, 1986;Morse et al, 1992;Feng et al, 2013), the ruminal degradation of phytate-P is often incomplete, especially under the intense feeding regimens in modern dairy production (Khol-Parisini et al, 2015), limiting the phytate-P availability for microbes and the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because by-products are richer in dietary fiber than cereal grains, we hypothesized that the LAC treatment of by-products would especially modulate the fibrolytic bacterial community, which may benefit from an increased P availability in the rumen due to the greater bacterial P requirement to break down fiber (Durand and Komisarczuk, 1988). Despite sufficient dietary P from organic sources, it is general practice to supplement high-producing cattle diets with inorganic P to compensate the incomplete ruminal phytate-P hydrolysis and ensure sufficient amounts of ruminally available P (Humer and Zebeli, 2015). We therefore further hypothesized that the LAC treatment of by-products has the same effect on the rumen microbiota and their metabolic activity as adding inorganic P sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lactic acid treatment of by-products and phosphorus level in the diet modulate bacterial microbiome and the predicted metagenome functions using the rumen simulation technique

Metzler‐Zebeli

Haselmann

Klevenhusen

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study used a rumen simulation technique to evaluate the effects of soaking of by-product-rich concentrate (BPC) in 5% lactic acid (LAC; vol/vol) on the rumen microbiota, predicted metagenome, fermentation characteristics, and nutrient degradation without or with supplemented P. The diet was supplemented with 1.6 g of P in the form of monocalcium phosphate per kilogram of dry matter in addition to 284 mg of inorganic P/d per fermentor via artificial saliva. Fermentor fluid was collected for analyses of short-chain fatty acids, fermentation gases, redox potential, and microbiota and feed residues for calculation of nutrient degradation. The microbiota composition was assessed using paired-end Illumina (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) MiSeq sequencing of the V3 to V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Soaking in LAC reduced the contents of crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fibers, and organic matter fractions as well as ash and P content of the BPC. Both the LAC treatment of BPC and the inorganic P modified the relative bacterial abundances mainly within the predominant orders Bacteroidales and Clostridiales. Supervised DIABLO N-integration networking supported that operational taxonomic units related to BS11, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Eubacterium, and Selenomonas were the most discriminant for the LAC-treated BPC, whereas other operational taxonomic units related to BS11, RFN20, Ruminococcus, and Succiniclasticum were best correlated with the inorganic P supplementation. Integration networking also showed that carbohydrate and pyruvate metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and degradation of several xenobiotics were stimulated by the LAC treatment of BPC. Those data supported the enhanced fermentation activity as indicated by increased total short-chain fatty acid concentration, especially propionate and butyrate, and methane, but decreased ruminal crude protein degradation, with the LAC-treated compared with control-treated BPC. In contrast, despite an increased abundance of imputed functions, such as inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling, and fructose and mannose metabolism, the reduced abundance of the imputed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway "transcription machinery" as well as the decrease in total short-chain fatty acids and nutrient degradation indicated reduced bacterial metabolic activity with the inorganic P supplementation. In conclusion, soaking of BPC in LAC may favor the proliferation of certain fibrolytic bacterial taxa and stimulate their metabolic activity, whereas the supplemented P to a diet already meeting ruminal P needs may impair ruminal nutrient utilization.

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“…First, in most tropical areas, cattle depend exclusively on forages to meet their mineral requirements (Perdomo et al 1977; Ibrahim et al 1998; Costa e Silva et al 2015; Costa et al 2016). Second, when mineral supply in a production system is reduced, environmental excretion and costs are reduced (Khorasani et al 1997; Humer & Zebeli 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ and in vitro estimation of mineral release from common feedstuffs fed to cattle

et al. 2017

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SUMMARYThe objective of the current study was to quantify the dry matter (DM) digestibility, and total ash (TA) and mineral release from 12 concentrate and 12 forage feedstuffs commonly fed to cattle using in situ and in vitro methods. Concentrate and forage feedstuffs were incubated in the rumen of ruminally cannulated beef bulls at eight different time points. Two different trials were conducted for concentrates and forages, with maximum incubation time of 72 and 120 h, respectively. The residue from samples incubated for 24 h were treated with pepsin and hydrochloric acid to simulate abomasum digestion in vitro. The initial and residual samples after in situ and in vitro incubations were measured. An asymptotic model was adopted for estimating solubility of minerals, disappearance rate of DM, and TA. Correlations between feedstuff contents and mineral release were evaluated. Residual samples from rumen fermentation after 24 h were incubated in simulated abomasal conditions and mineral release was measured. Cluster analysis was performed to group feedstuffs in relation to TA release. Large variability was observed between concentrate and forage feedstuffs for all constituents analysed. Large variability was observed for the effective ruminal degradation of TA and individual mineral release. When feedstuffs were clustered according to the immediately soluble fraction (‘a’), the insoluble by potentially releasable fraction (‘b’) and the release rate of ‘b’ (‘kd’,/h) estimates of TA ruminal release, four groups were identified. From group ‘1’ to group ‘4’, an increase in the soluble fraction and a reduction in both moderate releasable fraction and release rate was observed. Neutral detergent fibre content had a negative correlation with mineral release in the rumen, while mineral content had a positive correlation. These results demonstrate that mineral solubilization in the digestive tract is not the limiting factor for mineral absorption from the feedstuffs tested.

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Phytate in feed ingredients and potentials for improving the utilization of phosphorus in ruminant nutrition

Cited by 46 publications

References 123 publications

Treatment of grain with organic acids at 2 different dietary phosphorus levels modulates ruminal microbial community structure and fermentation patterns in vitro

Treatment of grain with organic acids at 2 different dietary phosphorus levels modulates ruminal microbial community structure and fermentation patterns in vitro

Lactic acid treatment of by-products and phosphorus level in the diet modulate bacterial microbiome and the predicted metagenome functions using the rumen simulation technique

In situ and in vitro estimation of mineral release from common feedstuffs fed to cattle

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