Physiopathology of Lifestyle Interventions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Carneros, David; López-Lluch, Guillermo; Bustos, Matilde

doi:10.3390/nu12113472

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD are classically explained by the two hits hypothesis, in which two harmful events in the sequence occur and compromise the function and structure of the liver parenchyma—the accumulation of fatty acids in the liver (the already mentioned steatosis), which represents the first one, and the progressive onset of oxidative stress and hepatocyte damage subsequently [ 1 , 12 ]. This classic scheme is actually considered obsolete and outdated by the concept of speculating an action of more hits acting in parallel and in particular insulin-resistance, oxidative stress, genetic and epigenetic factors, intestinal microbiota, and environmental elements, among others ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the various approaches so far proved insufficient forimproving liver metabolic function and pathophysiological features of hepatocyte stress and inflammation [ 10 ]. Approved treatments for NAFLD still do not exist and the available options are essentially based on counsel to switch to healthy lifestyle behavior, such as a healthy diet, low in fats and carbohydrates, and daily physical activity [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Polyphenols and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2021

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is emerging as a major public health issue worldwide, is characterized by a wide spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from simple fat accumulation in hepatocytes, also known as steatosis, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. At present, the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD is still debated and dietary strategies for the prevention and the treatment of this condition are strongly considered. Polyphenols are a group of plant-derived compounds whose anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are associated with a low prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Since inflammation and oxidative stress are the main risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, recent studies suggest that the consumption of polyphenol-rich diets is involved in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. However, few clinical trials are available on human subjects with NAFLD. Here, we reviewed the emerging existing evidence on the potential use of polyphenols to treat NAFLD. After introducing the physiopathology of NAFLD, we focused on the most investigated phenolic compounds in the setting of NAFLD and described their potential benefits, starting from basic science studies to animal models and human trials.

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Section: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Polyphenols and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, there are limited therapeutic options. Lifestyle modifications are difficult to achieve and sustain, and approved pharmacological therapy is lacking [7,8]. Rapid discovery of effective treatments for NAFLD is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lentinan Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via the PPARα Pathway

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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Aim: Lentinan (LNT), a type of polysaccharide derived from Lentinus edodes, has manifested protective effects during liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma, but little is known about its effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate whether LNT can affect the progression of NAFLD and the associated mechanisms. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without LNT (6 mg/kg/d). AML12 cells were exposed to 200 μM palmitate acid (PA) with or without LNT (5 μg/mL). Results: After 21 wk of the high-fat diet, LNT significantly decreased plasma triglyceride levels and liver lipid accumulation, reduced excessive reactive oxygen species production, and subsequently attenuated hepatic apoptosis in NAFLD mice. These effects were associated with increased PPARα levels, a decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and enhancement of the antioxidant defense system in vivo. Similar effects were also observed in cultured cells. More importantly, these protective effects of LNT on palmitate acid-treated AML12 cells were almost abolished by PPARα knockdown. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that LNT may ameliorate hepatic steatosis and decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the PPARα pathway and is a potential drug target for NAFLD.

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“…Liver diseases have become a major health problem in the last few decades worldwide, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths per year [1]. Among such morbid conditions, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common, which is usually associated with obesity [2]. NAFLD encompasses several stages, hepatic steatosis being the most benign [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Induced by Pterostilbene and Resveratrol in High-Fat-High-Fructose Fed Rats: Putative Role in Steatohepatitis Onset

et al. 2021

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Resveratrol and its 2-methoxy derivative pterostilbene are two phenolic compounds that occur in foodstuffs and feature hepato-protective effects. This study is devoted to analysing and comparing the metabolic effects of pterostilbene and resveratrol on gut microbiota composition in rats displaying NAFLD induced by a diet rich in saturated fat and fructose. The associations among changes induced by both phenolic compounds in liver status and those induced in gut microbiota composition were also analysed. For this purpose, fifty Wistar rats were distributed in five experimental groups: a group of animals fed a standard diet (CC group) and four additional groups fed a high-fat high-fructose diet alone (HFHF group) or supplemented with 15 or 30 mg/kg bw/d of pterostilbene (PT15 and PT30 groups, respectively) or 30 mg/kg bw/d of resveratrol (RSV30 group). The dramatic changes induced by high-fat high-fructose feeding in the gut microbiota were poorly ameliorated by pterostilbene or resveratrol. These results suggest that the specific changes in microbiota composition induced by pterostilbene (increased abundances of Akkermansia and Erysipelatoclostridium, and lowered abundance of Clostridum sensu stricto 1) may not entirely explain the putative preventive effects on steatohepatitis.

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Physiopathology of Lifestyle Interventions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Cited by 30 publications

References 191 publications

Dietary Polyphenols and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Dietary Polyphenols and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Lentinan Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via the PPARα Pathway

Gut Microbiota Induced by Pterostilbene and Resveratrol in High-Fat-High-Fructose Fed Rats: Putative Role in Steatohepatitis Onset

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