Physiopathological Mechanism of Sarcopenia

Walrand, Stéphane; Guillet, Christelle; Salles, Jérôme; Cano, Noël; Boirie‌, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.005

Cited by 155 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Futhermore, sarcopenia has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk following major surgical procedures (10). Inflammation has been implicated as a driving mechanism for the development of sarcopenia (11). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1beta (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) promote muscle wasting by increasing protein degradation and decreasing protein synthesis (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia is a Significant Predictor of Mortality After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Kays

Liang

Zimmers

et al. 2018

JCSM Clinical Reports

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Aims Repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) decreases the incidence of rupture and death. In cancer patients, sarcopenia has been associated with increased surgical complications and mortality. The impact of sarcopenia on survival after AAA repair has yet to be described. Methods and ResultsPatient demographic, laboratory, body composition measurements and survival data were obtained from patients undergoing AAA repair at the Indiana University medical campus over a 5-year period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with overall survival. Overall, 58.2% presented with sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients were older (71.88.3 versus 66.88.1 years; p<0.001), had lower body mass index (BMI) (26.35.2 versus 31.55.9 kg/m 2 ; p<0.001), higher rates of myosteatosis (84.4% versus 52.%; p<0.001), greater AAA diameter (60.614.0 versus 57.811.7 mm; p=0.016), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (32.3% versus 25.1% 6; p=0.034), and increased rates of rupture (8.2% versus 3.8%; p=0.047). Sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients had no difference in 30-day morbidity (8.5% versus 8.5%; p=0.991) or mortality (3.7% versus 0.9%; p=0.07). Univariate analysis demonstrated age, sarcopenia, myosteatosis, CCI, and BMI to be associated with long-term survival. There was no correlation between BMI and sarcopenia. Both sarcopenia and myosteatosis resulted in decreased one-, three-, and five-year survivals compared to their counterparts. On multivariate analysis sarcopenia is independently associated with survival, conferring a 1.6-fold increase in death (p=0.04). The combination of sarcopenia plus myosteatosis doubled the risk of death compared to sarcopenia alone.Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that over half of all patients undergoing AAA repair are sarcopenic, a condition associated with increased mortality. Sarcopenia with myosteatosis is associated with double the mortality of sarcopenia alone. CT scan, but not BMI, accurately identifies sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Defining the mechanisms through which sarcopenia contributes to late death after AAA repair is critical to developing novel interventions that may improve survival in this high risk population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia is a Significant Predictor of Mortality After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Kays

Liang

Zimmers

et al. 2018

JCSM Clinical Reports

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“…Several physiological processes may explain this higher amount of lean body mass in women with higher levels of physical activity (Walrand, Guillet, Salles, Cano, & Boirie, 2011). One possible factor is that by having an increased volume and intensity of physical activity they may have lower circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein, as seen by Reuben, Judd-Hamilton, Harris and Seeman (2003) in the elderly, and these in turn are responsible for muscle degradation (Schaap, Pluijm, Deeg, & Visser, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice of moderate physical activity can attenuate the loss of lean body mass in menopausal women

Diniz¹,

Christófaro²,

Santos³

et al. 2015

Motricidade

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The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity (PA) and total body (BLM), leg (LLM) and arm lean mass (ALM) in menopausal women. Sixty two 62 menopausal women were included (61.2±7.6 years). Their practice of PA was assessed by Actigraph GT3X accelerometer, and is reported as minutes per week of light or moderate-vigorous PA, and total PA. The sample was dichotomized into two groups according to their weekly practice of PA moderate-vigorous; physically active (≥150 minutes) and insufficiently active (<150 minutes). Body composition measures were assessed by DXA and were reported as percentages. Comparisons between the groups of PA and total and segmental lean body mass were performed by independent t test. Association between the tertile of BLM and the groups of PA were performed by chi-square test. Physically active women showed significantly higher mean values for BLM (52.8±5.4 vs 49.8±4.7; p=0.028) and LLM (17.1±2.2 vs 15.9±1.8; p=0.026), whereas the difference in the ALM was not significant. When the BLM was categorized into tertiles, it was significantly greater in physically active women (higher tertile=44.7%), compared with the insufficiently active women (higher tertile=16.7%). Menopausal women who spent more minutes engaged in moderate-vigorous PA can showed higher BLM and LLM.Keywords: menopause, women, motor activity, accelerometry, skeletal muscle, health. RESUMOO objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação da atividade física (AF) e massa corporal magra total (BLM), de pernas (LLM) e braços (ALM) em mulheres na menopausa. Participaram do estudo 62 mulheres (61.2±7.6 anos). A pratica habitual de AF foi avaliada através do acelerômetro marca Actigraph GT3X e foi expressa em minutos por semana de AF leve e moderada-vigorosa, e AF total. A amostra foi dicotomizada em dois grupos de acordo com a prática semanal de AF moderada-vigorosa; grupo fisicamente ativo (≥150 minutos) e insuficientemente ativo (<150 minutos). A medidas de composição corporal foram estimadas utilizando o DEXA e foi reportada como percentual. A comparação entre os grupos de AF e a massa corporal magra total e segmentar foram realizadas pelo test t independente. A associação entre os tercis de BLM e os grupos de AF foi realizado pelo Qui-quadrado. O grupo fisicamente ativo apresentou maiores valores médios para BML (52.8±5.4 vs 49.8±4.7; p=0.028) e LLM (17.1±2.2 vs 15.9±1.8; p=0.026), enquanto que a diferença para ALM não foi estatisticamente diferente. Quando o BLM foi categorizado em tercis, 44.7% das mulheres fisicamente ativas se encontravam no tercil superior, enquanto que apenas 16.7% das insuficientemente ativas se encontravam nesse tercil. Mulheres na menopausa que despende maior tempo tempo em AF moderada-vigorosa podem apresentar maiores valores de massa corporal magra total e segmentar.

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“…Although the biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for the loss of muscle during aging are not fully understood, 2,3) the loss of muscle during aging is known to be the result of both decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation. 34,35) Currently, protection against or prevention of sarcopenia is exercise and eating proper nutrition. Exercise, specifically resistance training or strength training, increases muscle strength and endurance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorating Effects of Sphingomyelin-Based Liposomes on Sarcopenia in Senescence-Accelerated Mice

Ishida

Kiyokawa

Asai

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The effects of orally administered sphingomyelin-based liposomes (SM-lipo) on muscle function were investigated in senescence-accelerated mice prone 1 (SAMP1) for the purpose of protection against or treatment of sarcopenia. SM-lipo were prepared by thin lipid-film hydration followed by extrusion. Their spherical shape was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The obtained liposomes were stable in gastric liquid and intestinal fluid models as well as in water. In in vitro tests liposomalization of sphingomyelin significantly increased its transport into human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. In addition, SM-lipo upregulated the proliferation of murine C2C12 myoblasts compared with free sphingomyelin or phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes (PC-lipo). Finally, SM-lipo orally administered to SAMP1 for 10 weeks significantly increased quadriceps femoris weight and extended swimming time until fatigue compared with PC-lipo. In conclusion, these findings indicate that SM-lipo are well absorbed into the body and improve muscle weakness caused by senescence.Key words sarcopenia; sphingomyelin; senescence-accelerated mouse; liposome; muscle Loss of muscle mass induces a progressive decline in physical performance; and it also leads to decrease in quality of life, including increased risk of disability and mortality. 1)This age-related deficit is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a progressive, insidious process characterized by a 3-8% reduction in lean muscle mass. The etiology of sarcopenia is multi-factorial and involves both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.2,3) Increasing muscle mass is important to prevent sarcopenia. The promising approaches for increasing muscle mass are exercise training and proper nutrition. Exercise training is generally accepted as a useful strategy to increase the number of mitochondria and the expression of mitochondria-associated proteins, as well as to improve the function of mitochondria in muscle.4) Food nutrients such as sphingolipids, leucine, creatine, and whey protein are known to be involved in increasing muscle mass. 5-7)Sphingolipids were first characterized by Thudichum, who studied the chemical constituents of brain tissue; whereupon he named their novel and characteristic "sphingosine" backbone for "the many enigmas it has presented to the inquirer." 8) Most foods contain sphingolipids. Humans on an ordinary Western diet ingest 0.3-0.4 g of sphingolipids per day, of which sphingomyelin in meat, milk, egg products, and soybeans is a large part.9-11) Also, sphingolipids are highly bioactive molecules present mainly in polar lipids of animal origin 9) and the second most abundant polar lipid next to phosphatidylcholine in plasma lipoproteins 12) ; and they are associated with cellular signaling, insulin resistance, metabolic disease, dementia, and so on. 13,14) As a type of sphingolipid, sphingomyelin in mammalian cells is co-localized with cholesterol mainly in the plasma membrane and in lysosomal and Golgi membranes. Dietary supplementation with sphingomyelin combined ...

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Physiopathological Mechanism of Sarcopenia

Cited by 155 publications

References 114 publications

Sarcopenia is a Significant Predictor of Mortality After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Sarcopenia is a Significant Predictor of Mortality After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Practice of moderate physical activity can attenuate the loss of lean body mass in menopausal women

Ameliorating Effects of Sphingomyelin-Based Liposomes on Sarcopenia in Senescence-Accelerated Mice

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