Physiology of the Weight‐Reduced State: A Report from a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop

Laughlin, Maren R.; Osganian, Stavroula K.; Yanovski, Susan Z.; Lynch, Christopher J.

doi:10.1002/oby.23079

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…According to Laughlin et al. [ 31 ], the altered energy efficiency of moderate and continuous PA appears to be the dominant contributor to metabolic adjustment with weight loss. PA increases the efficiency of muscle mitochondria; thus, mitochondria produce more energy per unit of oxygen consumed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PA increases the efficiency of muscle mitochondria; thus, mitochondria produce more energy per unit of oxygen consumed. Other specific mechanisms may also contribute to energy efficiencies, such as improved concentration, sensitivity to hormones, and changes in muscle contractile proteins and thermoregulatory processes including futile cycles, activation of brown fat, thyroid hormone, skin thickness, and vasodilation [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and breakfast eating as factors influencing BMI in Saudi students, aged 10 to 15 years

Said

Alibrahim

2022

Annals of Medicine

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Background Eating less and moving more are the simplest and most common strategies to combat excessive weight. Several other lifestyle factors can also contribute to maintaining a healthy weight. Objectives The present study examined the effects of breakfast frequency, duration and quality of sleep, daily physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and school transportation on the BMI of Saudi students, aged 10–15 years. Materials and Methods This study included 981 students (240 girls (24.46%) [66 children (27.5%) and 174 adolescents (72.5%)] and 741 boys (75.54%) [441 children (59.51%) and 300 adolescents (40.49%)]). For each participant, height, weight, and body composition were obtained using bioelectric impedance analysis. A questionnaire focussing on lifestyle behaviours over the last seven days was also completed by each student. Multiple comparisons were performed to test for significant differences between the groups, stratified by sex, age, and BMI. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the variables that significantly affected BMI. Results The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys was 12.82% and 25.1%, and in girls, 10.42% and 5.42%, respectively. Most participants used cars or buses as transportation to and from school (100% of girls and 83% of boys). Breakfast was skipped mainly by male participants. Boys tended to sleep more than girls during school days (488.90 ± 74.33 vs. 467.76 ± 78.75 min. night −1 ). They were more active (2.58 ± 0.69 vs. 2.34 ± 0.82), used laptops more frequently (2.46 ± 1.51 vs. 1.90 ± 1.63), and played more video games (3.12 ± 1.43 vs. 1.2875 ± 1.36) than girls. However, girls were less sedentary (2.63 ± 0.76 vs. 2.9±.79), watched more TV (3.65 ± 1.155 vs. 2.73 ± 1.48) and used their smartphones more (3.6625 ± 1.3 vs. 3.28 ± 1.44) than boys. Conclusions This study revealed significant associations between BMI and breakfast intake, physical activities, and sedentary behaviours. Of these, using laptops and playing video games were the key sedentary activities that influenced BMI. Key messages A significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was noted among boys compared to girls in private school students, aged 10–15 years, in Al-Ahsa governorate, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Boys slept more than girls on school days, and they were more active, used laptops more frequently, and played more video games than girls. Girls were less sedentary, watched television more often, and used smartphones more frequently than boys. Among private school students aged 10–15 years in Al-Ahsa governorate, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, BMI was significantly associated with breakfast intake frequency, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours, among which using laptops and playing video gam...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and breakfast eating as factors influencing BMI in Saudi students, aged 10 to 15 years

Said

Alibrahim

2022

Annals of Medicine

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“…Understanding the physiology of the weight‐reduced state is a priority of leading scientific agencies, including the NIH. In 2019, NIDDK hosted a workshop discussing the physiology of the weight‐reduced state [5, 119–122] and shortly after, released a funding opportunity announcement (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-19-017.html) aimed to elucidate the complex physiological underpinnings of WLM. In 2021, the Physiology of the Weight Reduced State (POWeRS) consortium was formed, including Columbia University, Drexel University, University of Pennsylvania, and Tufts University.…”

Section: Future Research Directions In Wlmmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights in the mechanisms of weight‐loss maintenance: Summary from a Pennington symposium

Flanagan,

Spann,

Berry

et al. 2023

Obesity

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Obesity is a chronic disease that affects more than 650 million adults worldwide. Obesity not only is a significant health concern on its own, but predisposes to cardiometabolic comorbidities, including coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Lifestyle interventions effectively promote weight loss of 5% to 10%, and pharmacological and surgical interventions even more, with some novel approved drugs inducing up to an average of 25% weight loss. Yet, maintaining weight loss over the long‐term remains extremely challenging, and subsequent weight gain is typical. The mechanisms underlying weight regain remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this Pennington Biomedical Scientific Symposium was to review and highlight the complex interplay between the physiological, behavioral, and environmental systems controlling energy intake and expenditure. Each of these contributions were further discussed in the context of weight‐loss maintenance, and systems‐level viewpoints were highlighted to interpret gaps in current approaches. The invited speakers built upon the science of obesity and weight loss to collectively propose future research directions that will aid in revealing the complicated mechanisms involved in the weight‐reduced state.

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“…The physiological mechanisms that mediate energy-sparing "metabolic adaptation" which hinders weight loss and opposes the long-term maintenance of the lost weight involve complex neurohormonal networks. They are nonetheless primarily attributed to diminished sympathetic nervous system activity (and norepinephrine release), along with depressed hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, which results in declines in circulating levels of thyroid hormones [1]. It is proposed here that during weight regain, however, any persistent metabolic adaptation is not dependent on the suppression of this neurohormonal network but rather mediated through peripheral resistance to its actions-so far characterized by alterations in the metabolism of thyroid hormones within the skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral thyroid hormone deiodination: Entry points to elucidate mechanisms of metabolic adaptation during weight regain

Dulloo

2023

Obesity

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The concept of dual-adaptive thermogenesis underlying metabolic adaptation to prolonged energy deficit posits that there are two control systems that govern energy sparing: a rapid-reacting system to energy deficit and a slow-reacting system to fat store depletion. The latter control system, referred to as the "adipose-specific" control of thermogenesis, contributes to accelerating fat store replenishment (catchup fat) during weight regain. The case is put forward here that, whereas adaptive thermogenesis during weight loss results primarily from central suppression of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, during weight regain it operates primarily through peripheral tissue resistance to the actions of this neurohormonal network. Emerging evidence that altered deiodination of thyroid hormones within the skeletal muscle and liver is a key determinant of such peripheral resistance therefore offers entry points toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the adipose-specific control of thermogenesis and unraveling tissue-specific targets to counter obesity recidivism.

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Physiology of the Weight‐Reduced State: A Report from a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and breakfast eating as factors influencing BMI in Saudi students, aged 10 to 15 years

Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and breakfast eating as factors influencing BMI in Saudi students, aged 10 to 15 years

New insights in the mechanisms of weight‐loss maintenance: Summary from a Pennington symposium

Peripheral thyroid hormone deiodination: Entry points to elucidate mechanisms of metabolic adaptation during weight regain

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