Physiology of the Renal Interstitium

Abstract

Long overlooked as the virtual compartment and then strictly characterized through descriptive morphologic analysis, the renal interstitium has finally been associated with function. With identification of interstitial reninand erythropoietin-producing cells, the most prominent endocrine functions of the kidney have now been attributed to the renal interstitium. This article reviews the functional role of renal interstitium.

Renal Handling of Ketones in Response to Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

“…In a previous study using dapagliflozin in 10 patients with T2D (33), a 6% increase in red blood cell mass, as measured by the direct 51 Cr-labeled erythrocyte technique, was detected in concomitance with a transient rise in serum EPO levels. Regulation of EPO production by interstitial renal fibroblasts involves multiple factors (oxygen sensing through hypoxia-inducible factor, adenosine, and renin among others) (34). In our data, the correlation between hemoglobin and EPO levels ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Reproducibility of native T1 mapping for renal tissue characterization at 3T

“…Since native T 1 values are considered to reflect both cellular components as interstitium, we postulate that the found differences between cortical and medullary T 1 values convey anatomical differences in the renal (tubular)interstitium, which is defined as the extravascular, extraglomerular, and (inter)tubular space of the kidney . Renal interstitial volume, in contrast to severity of glomerular disease, is highly correlated with kidney function, and can occupy over 60% of kidney tissue in severe renal disease . Recently, it has been showed by Friedli et al that renal native T 1 values correlate well with renal fibrosis stage based on histology, suggesting that native renal T 1 might be a useful parameter to detect (subclinical) renal fibrosis .…”

RNA-binding Protein Musashi Homologue 1 Regulates Kidney Fibrosis by Translational Inhibition of p21 and Numb mRNA

“…Persistent decrease in Msi1 and a corresponding increase in p21 leads to cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells, thereby triggering a cascade of pro-fibrotic events (22)(23)(24)(25)(26) such as release of pro-fibrotic cytokines, inflammation, pericyte differentiation, fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation, and extracellular matrix deposition resulting in progressive fibrosis (Fig. 6).…”