Physiology of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in the Male

Corradi, Patricia Freitas; Corradi, Renato B.; Greene, Loren Wissner

doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2016.01.001

Cited by 81 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Low luteinizing hormone concentrations will result in impaired spermatogenesis . Under physiological conditions, testosterone is produced in the interstitial section of testis under the influence of luteinizing hormone secreted from the pituitary gland . When T reduced, serum LH levels are negatively regulated by T levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51 Under physiological conditions, testosterone is produced in the interstitial section of testis under the influence of luteinizing hormone secreted from the pituitary gland. 52,53 When T reduced, serum LH levels are negatively regulated by T levels. This research showed that PM 2.5 suppressed both serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels, which suggested that the adverse effect of PM 2.5 exposure might primarily effect on the secretion of hypothalamus or pituitary resulting in the decrease of reduced luteinizing hormone level.…”

Section: Pm 25 Activated P38 Mapk Signaling In Testes Of Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine particle matter disrupts the blood–testis barrier by activating TGF‐β3/p38 MAPK pathway and decreasing testosterone secretion in rat

Liu

Ren

Wei

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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Fine particle matter (PM) is correlated with male reproductive dysfunction in animals and humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To investigate the toxic mechanism of PM, 32 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to saline or PM with the doses of 1.8, 5.4, and 16.2 mg/kg.b.w. via intratracheal instillation, respectively, one time every 3 days, in total times for 30 days. Sperm concentration, hormone level, the expressions of BTB-associated protein and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, tumor necrosis factor α and transforming growth factor β3 levels were detected. The results showed a decrease in sperm number, testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels and altered ultrastructure of BTB in testis of rat after exposure to PM . The protein levels of N-Cadherin, Occludin, Claudin-11, and Connexin-43 were significantly decreased in the testes. TGF-β3 content in testes showed increase, with the p-p38/p38 MAPK ratio also increasing after PM exposure. These results demonstrate that PM restrained the expressions of BTB-associated proteins through activating TGF-β3/p38 MAPK pathway and decreasing testosterone secretion, and therefore lead to the damage of BTB resulting in the decrease of sperm quality, which might be the potential reasons for its negative effects on spermatogenesis and male reproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pm 25 Activated P38 Mapk Signaling In Testes Of Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine particle matter disrupts the blood–testis barrier by activating TGF‐β3/p38 MAPK pathway and decreasing testosterone secretion in rat

Liu

Ren

Wei

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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“…This increases the prevalence of infertility secondary to poor sperm quality. Although spermatogenesis is under the influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis [6], exogenous factors like infections [5], exposure to heavy metals [7][8][9][10][11], cigarette smoking [12][13][14], irradiation [15][16][17][18], chemicals/herbs and drugs [1,19,20] impair spermatogenesis and/or predispose the sperm cells to damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codeine-induced sperm DNA damage is mediated predominantly by oxidative stress rather than apoptosis

Ajayi

Akhigbe

2020

Redox Report

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Background: Opioids have been implicated to induce infertility. Although codeine remains the most used opioid for recreational purpose, no study has documented its effect on sperm quality. Elucidating the effect of codeine on sperm cells and the associated mechanisms may provide an insight into preventing drug-induced sperm damage. Twenty-one New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into three groups; control and codeine-treated. The codeine-treated groups received either 4 or 10mg/kg b.w of codeine for six weeks. Results: Codeine treatment led to significant decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, normal morphology, and sperm membrane integrity. This was associated with significant rise in sperm DNA fragmentation, oxidative damage, and caspase 3 activity. The percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation correlates positively with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, and caspase 3 activity, a biomarker of apoptosis. The observed correlation was stronger between sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidative DNA damage than sperm DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activity. Conclusion: This study revealed that chronic codeine exposure causes sperm DNA fragmentation and poor sperm quality primarily via oxidative stress rather than activation of caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Findings of the present study may explain drug-induced male factor infertility, particularly, those associated with opioid use.

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“…The two main functions of the testes are spermatogenesis (exocrine function) and steroidogenesis (endocrine function). In normal conditions the gonadotrophinreleasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus, stimulating the synthesis of LH and the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [34]. LH is recognized by LH receptors in LC stimulating T biosynthesis (steroidogenesis).…”

Section: Testicular Dysfunction Due To Edc Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Male Fertility Decline

Henriques¹,

Loureiro²,

Fardilha³

et al. 2020

Male Reproductive Health

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds with natural or anthropogenic origin omnipresent in the environment. These compounds disrupt endocrine function through interaction with hormone receptor or alteration of hormone synthesis. Humans are environmentally exposed to EDCs through the air, water, food and occupation. During the last decades, there has been a concern that exposure to EDCs may contribute to an impairment of human reproductive function. EDCs affect male fertility at multiple levels, from sperm production and quality to the morphology and histology of the male reproductive system. It has been proposed that exposure to EDCs may contribute to an impairment of sperm motility, concentration, volume and morphology and an increase in the sperm DNA damage. Moreover, EDCs exert reproductive toxicity inducing structural damage on the testis vasculature and blood-testis barrier and cytotoxicity on Sertoli and Leydig cells. This chapter will explore the effects of EDCs in male reproductive system and in the decline of male fertility.

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Physiology of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in the Male

Cited by 81 publications

References 45 publications

Fine particle matter disrupts the blood–testis barrier by activating TGF‐β3/p38 MAPK pathway and decreasing testosterone secretion in rat

Fine particle matter disrupts the blood–testis barrier by activating TGF‐β3/p38 MAPK pathway and decreasing testosterone secretion in rat

Codeine-induced sperm DNA damage is mediated predominantly by oxidative stress rather than apoptosis

The Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Male Fertility Decline

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