Physiology of Plant Tolerance to Salinity

High-resolution model for estimating the economic and policy implications of agricultural soil salinization in California

“…These parameters are collected from a number of studies carried out in the mid-twentieth century that were first summarized in Maas and Hoffman [12] and subsequently updated and republished. While presented in numerous publications in varying degrees of completeness, we found no discrepancies between the values reported in the different articles and reports [7,11,12,41]. Where possible, we use values in more recent publications.…”

“…First, regional salinity values S S r are calculated by averaging pixel level salinity values across the region. Next, the fraction of maximum yield achieved is estimated (7). Regional yield losses are calculated by estimating the theoretical maximum yield Y M c (8) and assessing the impact of salinity S S r on yields and revenues (9,10).…”

“…In the last case, the applied water forms a perched water table, from which salts can be transported back to the surface through capillary action [5]. Once salinized, agricultural soils become less productive due to the combination of osmotic and ionic stress exerted on the plant [6,7]. Growers may choose to fallow salinized land, leading to land use change [8] and greenhouse gas emissions [9,10], or continue to cultivate less productive salinized land by switching crops and/or adjusting management practices, leading to reduced revenues and intensification of agricultural inputs (e.g.…”

“…Best management practices for mitigating the effects of soil salinization in high-risk agricultural areas have largely been derived from laboratory and field-scale experiments that elucidate the mechanisms by which soil salinization diminishes crop yield. These studies have probed the relationship between irrigation water quality and soil salinity, have provided yield reduction models that relate expected yield to soil salinity for a specific crop [7,[11][12][13], and have evaluated the efficacy of various remediation strategies. The most prevalent remediation strategy is salinity leaching, or the excess application of irrigation water to drain soils of existing salt content.…”

Responses of salt-stressed citrus plants to foliar-applied proline

“…A number of studies show that plant growth is positively associated with photosynthetic capacity, and decline in plant growth due to salt stress is often attibuted to suppression in photosynthesis (Lawlor, 2002;Jamil et al, 2007;Noreen et al, 2010). However, considerable salt-induced reduction in photosynthesis rate is attributed to reduced optimum concentration of photoassimilates required for better growth (Maas and Nieman, 1978), reduced leaf area (Marcelis and Hoojdonk, 1999), and inbalance in water status (Ashraf, 2004). According to da Silva Sa et al (2016), exogenous application of PRO on the leaves reduced stomatal conductance and consequently affected the transpiration of bell pepper plants irrigated with water of low salinity (Table 7).…”