Physiology of pericardial fluid production and drainage

Vogiatzidis, Konstantinos; Zarogiannis, Sotirios G.; Aidonidis, Isaac; Solenov, Evgeniy I.; Molyvdas, Paschalis-Adam; Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos; Hatzoglou, Chrissi

doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00062

Cited by 91 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The osmolality of pericardial fluid is lower than plasma. The concentrations of Na + , Cl -, Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are lower and K + level is higher than in plasma [13]. There is a strong evidence that the pericardial fluid derives mainly as a transudate of epicardial capillaries and probably also the parietal ones [28].…”

Section: Pericardial Fluid Drainagementioning

confidence: 95%

“…There is a strong evidence that the pericardial fluid derives mainly as a transudate of epicardial capillaries and probably also the parietal ones [28]. The parietal pericardium lymphatic capillaries are responsible for the fluid drainage [13]. In pathological conditions during infection or after cardiotomy the physiological balance between the production and drainage of the fluid is disturbed, leading to pericardial effusion The inflammation leading to congestion and widening of the capillaries, and deposition of fibrin and connective tissue on the parietal layer of pericardium, impairing lymphatic drainage, are the reason of this imbalance [20].…”

Section: Pericardial Fluid Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its cellular components include some mesothelial cells, lymphocytes (53%), neutrophils (31%), macrophages (12%), eosinophils (1.7%) and basophils (1.2%) [13,27]. The osmolality of pericardial fluid is lower than plasma.…”

Section: Pericardial Fluid Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At such sites the submesothelial layer transforms into the milky spots-like structure, containing very abundant macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as lymphatic capillaries [12]. The exact function of these structures is unknown; however, by providing a direct access of the pericardial fluid to the submesothelial lymphatic system, they allow the effective drainage of the pericardial space [13]. They have been also suggested to have immune-related functions [12].…”

Section: The Ultrastructure Of the Pericardiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pericardial cavity contains 20-60 mL of plasma ultrafiltrate [13,26]. Its cellular components include some mesothelial cells, lymphocytes (53%), neutrophils (31%), macrophages (12%), eosinophils (1.7%) and basophils (1.2%) [13,27].…”

Section: Pericardial Fluid Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pericardium: structure and function in health and disease

Jaworska-Wilczyńska

Trzaskoma

Szczepankiewicz

et al. 2016

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Normal pericardium consists of an outer sac called fibrous pericardium and an inner one called serous pericardium. The two layers of serous pericardium: visceral and parietal are separated by the pericardial cavity, which contains 20 to 60 mL of the plasma ultrafiltrate. The pericardium acts as mechanical protection for the heart and big vessels, and a lubrication to reduce friction between the heart and the surrounding structures. A very important role in all aspects of pericardial functions is played by mesothelial cells. The mesothelial cells form a monolayer lining the serosal cavity and play an important role in antigen presentation, inflammation and tissue repair, coagulation and fibrinolysis. The two major types of mesothelial cells, flat or cuboid, differ substantially in their ultrastructure and, probably, functions. The latter display abundant microvilli, RER, Golgi dense bodies, membrane-bound vesicles and intracellular vacuoles containing electron-dense material described as dense bodies. The normal structure and functions of the pericardium determine correct healing after its injury as a result of surgery or microbial infection. The unfavorable resolution of acute or chronic pericarditis leads to the formation of adhesions between pericardial leaflets which may lead to serious complications.

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Section: Pericardial Fluid Drainagementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Pericardial Fluid Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pericardial Fluid Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ultrastructure Of the Pericardiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pericardial Fluid Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pericardium: structure and function in health and disease

Jaworska-Wilczyńska

Trzaskoma

Szczepankiewicz

et al. 2016

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Effect of hyperglycemia on tbx5a and nppa gene expression and its correlation to structural and functional changes in developing zebrafish heart

Sankar

Jayabalan

Venkatesh

et al. 2022

Cell Biology International

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The objective of the current study is to analyze the effects of gestational diabetes on structural and functional changes in correlation with these two essential regulators of developing hearts in vivo using zebrafish embryos. We employed fertilized zebrafish embryos exposed to a hyperglycemic condition of 25 mM glucose for 96 h postfertilization. The embryos were subjected to various structural and functional analyses in a time-course manner. The data showed that exposure to high glucose significantly affected the embryo's size, heart length, heart rate, and looping of the heart compared to the control. Further, we observed an increased incidence of ventricular standstill and valvular regurgitation with a marked reduction of peripheral blood flow in the high glucose-exposed group compared to the control. In addition, the histological data showed that the high-glucose exposure markedly reduced the thickness of the wall and the number of cardiomyocytes in both atrium and ventricles. We also observed striking alterations in the pericardium like edema, increase in diameter with thinning of the wall compared to the control group.Interestingly, the expression of tbx5a and nppa was increased in the early development and found to be repressed in the later stage of development in the hyperglycemic group compared to the control. In conclusion, the developing heart is more susceptible to hyperglycemia in the womb, thereby showing various developmental defects possibly by altering the expression of crucial gene regulators such as tbx5a and nppa.

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Injectable Polyzwitterionic Lubricant for Complete Prevention of Cardiac Adhesion

Wang

Zhai

Zhang

et al. 2023

Macromolecular Bioscience

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After cardiac surgery, tissue damage to the heart may cause adhesion between heart and its surrounding tissues. Post‐operative cardiac adhesion may lead to limited normal cardiac function, decreased quality of cardiac surgery, and increased risk of major bleeding during reoperation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective anti‐adhesion therapy to overcome cardiac adhesion. An injectable polyzwitterionic lubricant is developed to prevent adhesion between the heart and surrounding tissues and to maintain normal pumping function of the heart. This lubricant is evaluated in a rat heart adhesion model. Poly (2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (i.e., PMPC) polymers are successfully prepared via free radical polymerization of monomer MPC, and the optimal lubricating performance, biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo is demonstrated. Besides, a rat heart adhesion model is conducted to evaluate the bio‐functionality of lubricated PMPC. The results prove that PMPC is a promising lubricant for complete adhesion‐prevention. The injectable polyzwitterionic lubricant shows excellent lubricating properties and biocompatibility and can effectively prevent cardiac adhesion.

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Physiology of pericardial fluid production and drainage

Cited by 91 publications

References 53 publications

Pericardium: structure and function in health and disease

Pericardium: structure and function in health and disease

Effect of hyperglycemia on tbx5a and nppa gene expression and its correlation to structural and functional changes in developing zebrafish heart

Injectable Polyzwitterionic Lubricant for Complete Prevention of Cardiac Adhesion

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