Physiology of Mycorrhiza

Meyer, Franz H.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.25.060174.003031

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The present study documents similar response patterns for the percentage of ectomycorrhizal short roots and the number of ectomycorrhizas per unit root length for these same seedlings. The lower rates of mycorrhizal colonization at high N fertility (Marx, Hatch & Mendicino, 1997;Reid et al, 1983) and water stress (Worley & Hacskaylo, 1959;Mexal & Reid, 1973;Meyer, 1974) are consistent with reported trends. Increases in mycorrhizal colonization at elevated CO2, either per unit root length O'Neill et al, 1987;Monz et al, 1994) or on a whole-plant basis (Norby et al, 1986;O'Neill et al, 1991;Runion et al, 1994), have also been previously reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This creates a demand for belowground C allocation and under some stress conditions, the requirement for host C by mycorrhizal fungi has resulted in plant growth depression (Peng et aL, 1993). Mycorrhiza can stimulate a host plant to allocate more C below-ground (Meyer, 1974) and can represent a significant C cost to the host, with estimates ranging from 4 to 17 % of fixed C (Paul & Kucey, 1981;Rygiewicz & Andersen, 1994). In this study, although both above-and below-ground biomass were increased by higher levels of resource availability, the relative increase was greater belowground at elevated CO2 and high N (Prior et aL, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrogen and water limitation and elevated atmospheric CO₂ on ectomycorrhiza of longleaf pine

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYLongleaf pine {Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings were exposed to two concentrations of atmospheric COj (365 or 720 fimol mor^) and two levels of N (0-02 or 0-20 mg N g"^ soil yr"^) within open-top chambers for 20 months. Seedlings were adequately watered for 19 wk to ensure seedling establishment, after which two water-stress treatments (target values -0-5 or -1-5 MPa xylem pressure potential) were implemented. Fine-root samples were collected in July and November 1993, and in March and November 1994. Ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal short roots per unit length of fine root were quantified. The percentage of ectomycorrhizal short roots and numbers of ectomycorrhizas per unit root length were higher for seedlings grown with elevated COg, low N and adequate water. Interactions among main treatment variables demonstrated higher percentages of ectomycorrhizal short roots, fine root length per seedling, and total numbers of ectomycorrhizas per seedling for plants grown with high COg (compared with ambient) or adequate water (compared with water stress) only under high N conditions. Increased fine-root length and ectomycorrhizal colonization under elevated COg resulted in higher (almost double) numbers of ectomycorrhizas per seedling at each sampling.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen and water limitation and elevated atmospheric CO₂ on ectomycorrhiza of longleaf pine

et al. 1997

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“…In pursuing the ecological and evolutionary patterns involved, we first review the characteristics of the different kinds of mycorrhizae. KINDS (15)(16)(17)(18). With the exception of a doubtful record from Pandanus in Madagascar (19,20), ectomycorrhizae are unknown in monocots.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and evolutionary significance of mycorrhizal symbioses in vascular plants (A Review)

Malloch

Pirozynski²,

Raven³

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

275

151

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Mycorrhizae, the symbioses between fungi and plant roots, are nearly universal in terrestrial plants and can be classified into two major types: endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae. About four-fifths of all land plants form endomycorrhizae, whereas several groups of trees and shrubs, notably Pinaceae, some Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Salicaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and most Myrtaceae form ectomycorrhizae. Among legumes, Papilionoideae and Mimosoideae have endomycorrhizae and usually form bacterial nodules. The members of the third subfamily, Caesalpinioideae, rarely form nodules, and one of the included groups, the two large, pantropical, closely related tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae, regularly form ectomycorrhizae. Nodules and ectomycorrhizae may well be alternative means of supplying organic nitrogen to the plants that form them.Those plants having endomycorrhizae usually occur in forests of high species richness, whereas those with ectomycorrhizae usually occur in forests of low species richness. The roots of ectomycorrhizal trees, however, support a large species richness of fungal symbionts, probably amounting to more than 5000 species worldwide, whereas those of endomycorrhizal trees have low fungal species richness, with only about 30 species of fungi known to be involved worldwide. Ectomycorrhizal forests are generally temperate or occur on infertile soils in the tropics. They apparently have expanded in a series of ecologically important events through the course of time from the Middle Cretaceous onward at the expense of endomycorrhizal forests.The invasion of the land by the ancestor of the vascular plants clearly seems to have been facilitated by the origin of symbiotic associations between these plants and certain "phycomycetous" fungi similar to those that are involved in endotrophic mycorrhizae at the present time (1-10). During the subsequent history of plants on land, additional kinds of fungus-plant associations have evolved in relation to the exploitation of different habitats and different population structures. The purpose of this paper is to review these associations in an ecological/evolutionary context and to explore the nature of the generalities that can be derived concerning them. Such relationships are particularly significant in view of the role of mycorrhizae in contributing to plant productivity and the consequent potential of manipulating such associations for human benefit (11). In pursuing the ecological and evolutionary patterns involved, we first review the characteristics of the different kinds of mycorrhizae.KINDS OF MYCORRHIZAE Endomycorrhiza. The fungus penetrates roots to form characteristic intracellular vesicles and arbuscles. Endomycorrhizae probably are regularly formed by about four-fifths

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“…The existence of mycorrhizal interactions has been known for over 100 years (Hayman, 1978), yet the factors maintaining mycorrhizal associations symbiotic rather than parasitic are not clearly understood (Meyer, 1974). Natural endomycorrhizal symbioses are extensive in the plant kingdom and are believed to play important roles in the growth of plants (Gerdemann, 1968(Gerdemann, , 1975Hayman, 1978;Meyer, 1974).…”

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confidence: 99%

Techniques to Increase Survival of New Highway Plantings Using Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Verkade¹,

Hamilton²

1982

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Effects of fertility and endomycorrhizal inoculation on growth of Liriodendron tulipifera L. , Acer platanoides L. , Forsythia x intermedia Zab . , and Lolium perenne L. were determined.Plants were inoculated with endomycorrhizal Glomus f asciculatus and Glomus mosseae and grown in a greenhouse at three fertility levels (0, 2, or 4 g/1 Nitrogen) of soil medium.A. platanoides , F_. x intermedia , and I,, perenne did did not respond to mycorrhizal inoculation and grew best at 2 g/1 N. Growth of L. tulipifera was increased by mycorrhizal development, and shoots were heaviest at 4 g/1 N.Mycorrhizae did not enhance growth of unfertilized plants. The effects of temperature and endomycorrhizal inoculation on growth of L. perenne were determined.Inoculated plants had slight mycorrhizal development, but were not larger than noninoculated plants.The influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on root initiation and growth of cuttings of Ligustrum obtusifolium Var. regelianum (Koehne) Rehd. was determined. Amendment of the rooting medium with inoculum resulted in mycorrhizal development and increased root growth, but did not enhance root initiation.The effects of Benlate fungicide on growth of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal L_. tulipifera were determined.Benlate increased growth of noninoculated plants, but decreased growth of inoculated plants.The numbers of mycorrhizal spores in newly disturbed soil and revegetated highway soils were determined. A newly disturbed soil had virtually no mycorrhizal spores, but a soil revegetated with herbaceous plant species and one revegetated with woody and herbaceous species had very high numbers of mycorrhizal spores.

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Physiology of Mycorrhiza

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of nitrogen and water limitation and elevated atmospheric CO₂ on ectomycorrhiza of longleaf pine

Effects of nitrogen and water limitation and elevated atmospheric CO₂ on ectomycorrhiza of longleaf pine

Ecological and evolutionary significance of mycorrhizal symbioses in vascular plants (A Review)

Techniques to Increase Survival of New Highway Plantings Using Mycorrhizal Inoculation

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Physiology of Mycorrhiza

Cited by 63 publications

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Effects of nitrogen and water limitation and elevated atmospheric CO2 on ectomycorrhiza of longleaf pine

Effects of nitrogen and water limitation and elevated atmospheric CO2 on ectomycorrhiza of longleaf pine

Ecological and evolutionary significance of mycorrhizal symbioses in vascular plants (A Review)

Techniques to Increase Survival of New Highway Plantings Using Mycorrhizal Inoculation

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Product

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Effects of nitrogen and water limitation and elevated atmospheric CO₂ on ectomycorrhiza of longleaf pine

Effects of nitrogen and water limitation and elevated atmospheric CO₂ on ectomycorrhiza of longleaf pine