Physiology of Movements in Stems of Seedling <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. cv Alaska

Britz, Steven J.; Galston, Arthur W.

doi:10.1104/pp.70.5.1401

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…What is the basis for the bilateral symmetry in nutation? These issues, as well as implications for overall growth regulation and sensory transduction, are discussed in subsequent reports (7,8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of Movements in Stems of Seedling Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska

Britz¹,

Galston²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Gravitropism and nutation in the stems of dark-grown, seedling peas (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) were recorded on time-lapse photographs made with photomorphogenetically inactive light. Although gravitropism and nutation have been connected by several different theories in the past, our experiments indicate that the two processes are in fact dissociable.The evidence is as follows: (a) Nutational patterns are asymmetric. There is much greater amplitude of oscillation in the plane parallel (1) An alternative theory is the gravitropic overshoot hypothesis (reviewed in 24) which states that nutations are not autonomous oscillations, but rather manifestations of the gravitropic response. This theory envisions brief deviations from the vertical axis as inducing a gravitropic response proportional to the sine of the angle (a), the duration of stimulation, mass acceleration (g), and the overall gravisensitivity of the plant organ (k). Because of a finite lag time between the initiation of curvature and the onset of gravistimulation (tr), the reacting organ will overshoot the vertical only to reinitiate gravitropic response in the opposite direction. A sustained oscillation driven extrinsically by gravity is the result. Mathematical models with appropriate constants do in fact generate self-sustaining oscillations typical of nutation in two or three dimensions (Andersen, cited in 24). The relation of nutation to gravitropism is formalized in a simplified equation (22), (da/dt), = -k-g.sina(t -tr) (1) Many growing plant organs (e.g. tendrils, stems, roots) execute a series of oscillatory bending movements called nutations (reviewed in 24). Nutations may be confined to one plane (pendulum type) or expanded more generally into three dimensions so that, as the plant grows, the tip traces in space an irregular helix with an elliptical cross-section (circumnutation). The oscillatory movements reflect shifting states of differential cell expansion on op-'Dedicated to the memories of William S. Hillman and Sterling B.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of Movements in Stems of Seedling Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska

Britz¹,

Galston²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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“…By removing the shoot tip and leaves, inhibition of circumnutations was obtained. In etiolated Pisum seedlings, 31 dependence of nutations movements on the apical hook was observed; in Avena a relation between the arrangement of the long axis of circumnutations and the coleoptile flattening axis was reported. 7…”

Section: Organ Morphology and Circumnutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Here, both endogenous factors and gravity play an important role in the circumnutation mechanism. Gravitropism and nutations may be controlled independently, 31,28 which emphasizes the key role of the inner oscillator, while gravity may merely modulate circumnutations. According to Hejnowicz and Sievers,8 the inner oscillator may be entrained by the gravitropic feedback, which is visible in the characteristic, predictable ratio between circumnutation period and the lag phase of the gravitropic response, equalling 5.…”

Section: Light and Circumnutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 The role of auxins in nutational movements was studied in etiolated and green Pisum sativum seedlings. 30,31 Therefore, Ca 2+ and K + ion channels and H + -ATPase play a vital role in circumnutations. Due to the character of circumnutations, these are probably voltage-gated K + channels, inward (K + in ) channels activated with hyperpolarization, outward (K + out ) channels activated with depolarization, stretch-activated K + and Ca 2+ channels, ligand-gated K + channels, e.g., with auxins and light-activated K + channels.…”

Section: Models Of Circumnutation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circumnutation as a visible plant action and reaction

Stolarz

2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Circumnutation is a helical organ movement widespread among plants. It is variable due to a different magnitude of trajectory (amplitude) outlined by the organ tip, duration of one cycle (period), circular, elliptical, pendulum-like or irregular shape and clock-and counterclockwise direction of rotation. Some of those movement parameters are regulated by circadian clock and show daily and infradian rhythms. Circumnutation is influenced by light, temperature, chemicals and can depend on organ morphology. The diversity of this phenomenon is easier to see now that the digital time-lapse video method is developing fast. Whether circumnutation is an endogenous action, a reaction to exogenous stimuli or has a combined character has been discussed for a long time. Similarly, the relationship between growth and circumnutation is still unclear. In the mechanism of circumnutation, epidermal and endodermal cells as well as plasmodesmata, plasma membrane, ions (Ca 2+ , K + and Cl -), ion channels and the proton pump (H + ATPase) are engaged. Based on these data, the hypothetical electrophysiological model of the circumnutation mechanism has been proposed here. In the recent circumnutation studies, gravitropic, auxin, clock and phytochrome mutants are used and new functions of circumnutation in plants' life have been investigated and described.

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“…Because nutation has been linked to the plant hormone auxin (Britz and Galston, 1982a, 1982b, we tested the effects of the auxin transport inhibitor, naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), on growth inhibition and nutations caused by the application of ethylene. NPA has previously been shown to eliminate nutations in the inflorescences of adult Arabidopsis (Hatakeda et al, 2003).…”

Section: Auxin Transport Is Required For Ethylene-stimulated Nutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Stimulates Nutations That Are Dependent on the ETR1 Receptor

et al. 2006

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Ethylene influences a number of processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through the action of five receptors. In this study, we used high-resolution, time-lapse imaging to examine the long-term effects of ethylene on growing, etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. These measurements revealed that ethylene stimulates nutations of the hypocotyls with an average delay in onset of over 6 h. The nutation response was constitutive in ctr1-2 mutants maintained in air, whereas ein2-1 mutants failed to nutate when treated with ethylene. Ethylene-stimulated nutations were also eliminated in etr1-7 loss-of-function mutants. Transformation of the etr1-7 mutant with a wild-type genomic ETR1 transgene rescued the nutation phenotype, further supporting a requirement for ETR1. Loss-of-function mutations in the other receptor isoforms had no effect on ethylene-stimulated nutations. However, the double ers1-2 ers2-3 and triple etr2-3 ers2-3 ein4-4 loss-of-function mutants constitutively nutated in air. These results support a model where all the receptors are involved in ethylene-stimulated nutations, but the ETR1 receptor is required and has a contrasting role from the other receptor isoforms in this nutation phenotype. Naphthylphthalamic acid eliminated ethylenestimulated nutations but had no effect on growth inhibition caused by ethylene, pointing to a role for auxin transport in the nutation phenotype.

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Physiology of Movements in Stems of Seedling Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Physiology of Movements in Stems of Seedling Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska

Physiology of Movements in Stems of Seedling Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska

Circumnutation as a visible plant action and reaction

Ethylene Stimulates Nutations That Are Dependent on the ETR1 Receptor

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