“…Rising environmental temperatures generally accelerate biochemical and metabolic reactions in marine ectotherms 32 , 33 , which can be accompanied by increasing rates of cell damage and reduced growth performance (e.g., in clams, lobsters, and sea cucumbers 34 – 36 ). Eder et al 31 found higher cell damage accumulation in juvenile H. echinata exposed to 21 °C / low food , indicated by higher protein carbonyl contents and most likely induced by increasing production rates of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, in hydroids of scenario 2, with the additional daily temperature step above 21 °C, cell damage most likely occurred at a greater rate, inducing anomalously low growth rates compared to scenario 1.…”