Physiology of haemostasis

Sira, James; Eyre, Lorna

doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2015.11.004

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents blood, including vasoconstriction, formation of a platelet plug and blood coagulation 20,21 . The inactivated partial thromboplastin time (UPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) tests were carried out to evaluate the coagulation activity of all the investigated materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactericidal ZnO glass-filled thermoplastic polyurethane and polydimethyl siloxane composites to inhibit biofilm-associated infections

Cabal

Sevillano

Fernández-García

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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This study investigates a novel approach to controlling biofilms of the most frequent pathogens implicated in the etiology of biomaterials-associated infections. New bactericidal filler based on a non-toxic glass, belonging to B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -Na 2 O-ZnO system, was used to formulate composites of the most widely used polymers in biomedical applications [i.e. thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS)], with varying percentage by weight of the bactericidal glass (5, 15, 25, 35, 50%). Glass-filled polymer composites show dramatically restricted bacterial colonisation and biofilm formation. They exhibit time- and dose-dependent killing, with maximal action at 5 days. The highest activity was found against S . epidermidis biofilm (99% of reduction), one of the most common cause of nosocomial infections. The tensile properties of the obtained glass-filled composites are comparable with the literature data concerning polymeric biomaterials for medical implants and devices. In addition, all the materials presented in this research, revealed an excellent biocompatibility. This was disclosed by cell viability values above 70%, none alteration on erythrocyte membrane or cell functionality in contact with materials (haemolytic index 0–2%), and absence of interferences in blood coagulation (intrinsic, extrinsic and final pathways).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactericidal ZnO glass-filled thermoplastic polyurethane and polydimethyl siloxane composites to inhibit biofilm-associated infections

Cabal

Sevillano

Fernández-García

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Early local vascular contraction reduces blood flow to the injury site and platelet aggregation forms a soft plug [ 12 , 13 ]. Blood clotting, the secondary step of hemostasis, tightly secures the platelet plug with covalently linked fibrin fibers, thereby providing strength and leading to the formation of a stable clot [ 14 ]. Additionally, the host immune system also reacts to the blood vessel and skin injury, resulting in itching and inflammation, characterized by swelling, pain, and redness [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aedes albopictus D7 Salivary Protein Prevents Host Hemostasis and Inflammation

et al. 2020

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Mosquitoes inject saliva into the host skin to facilitate blood meal acquisition through active compounds that prevent hemostasis. D7 proteins are among the most abundant components of the mosquito saliva and act as scavengers of biogenic amines and eicosanoids. Several members of the D7 family have been characterized at the biochemical level; however, none have been studied thus far in Aedes albopictus, a permissive vector for several arboviruses that causes extensive human morbidity and mortality. Here, we report the binding capabilities of a D7 long form protein from Ae. albopictus (AlboD7L1) by isothermal titration calorimetry and compared its model structure with previously solved D7 structures. The physiological function of AlboD7L1 was demonstrated by ex vivo platelet aggregation and in vivo leukocyte recruitment experiments. AlboD7L1 binds host hemostasis agonists, including biogenic amines, leukotrienes, and the thromboxane A2 analog U-46619. AlboD7L1 protein model predicts binding of biolipids through its N-terminal domain, while the C-terminal domain binds biogenic amines. We demonstrated the biological function of AlboD7L1 as an inhibitor of both platelet aggregation and cell recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils. Altogether, this study reinforces the physiological relevance of the D7 salivary proteins as anti-hemostatic and anti-inflammatory molecules that help blood feeding in mosquitoes.

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“…Haemostasis is the stoppage or arrest of bleeding in response to a damaged blood vessel [1]. It involves a cascade of physiological events which culminates in in the production of a localized clot at the site of vessel injury over a very short period of time, usually seconds to minutes [2,3]. A damaged blood vessel produces a reflex vasoconstriction which slows the loss of blood and thus allows more time for the formation of platelet plug and the initiation of blood coagulation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A damaged blood vessel produces a reflex vasoconstriction which slows the loss of blood and thus allows more time for the formation of platelet plug and the initiation of blood coagulation [4]. The process of haemostasis include the formation of a platelet plug followed by an activation of coagulation to form a fibrin mesh, fibrinolysis and the eventual repair of blood vessel [2]. Hence, haemostasis is largely dependent on the platelet count and function as well as on other coagulation parameters and function to achieve a steady balance between the fluid and solid states of blood to prevent pathological thrombosis [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hemostatic cascade involves the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways which originate differently but converge at the point of fibrin activation and serves to stabilize the platelet plug [6]. While the intrinsic pathway is activated by trauma within the vascular system, the extrinsic pathway is activated by trauma outside the vascular system [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are some of the screening test to assess the process of haemostasis in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haemostatic Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Amaranthus hybridus on Wistar Rats

Chinko

Amah-Tariah

2020

IBRR

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Introduction: Haemostasis refers to the arrest of bleeding due to vascular damage and involves the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways which converge at the point of fibrin activation to stop or minimize blood loss. Amaranthus hybridus contains a while range of nutritional, chemical and phytochemical constituents which gives it wide range of applications in folk medicine. Aim: To evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus on blood platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) using Wistar rat models. Methodology: Twenty Four (24) adult male Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were randomly divided into three (3) groups of eight (8) animals each. Oral administration of distilled water for the control group and ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus at 30 and 60 mg/kg lasted for twenty eight (28) days. Platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined using standard laboratory methods. Results: Ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus significantly increased platelet count at 30 mg and 60 mg/kg compared to the control animals (p<0.05). Also, it significantly reduced prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time at 30 and 60 mg/kg in a dose dependent manner compared to control animals (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study shows that ethanolic extract of Amaranthus hybridus may have enhanced haemostasis as demonstrated by increased platelet count and reduced prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) time.

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Physiology of haemostasis

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Bactericidal ZnO glass-filled thermoplastic polyurethane and polydimethyl siloxane composites to inhibit biofilm-associated infections

Bactericidal ZnO glass-filled thermoplastic polyurethane and polydimethyl siloxane composites to inhibit biofilm-associated infections

Aedes albopictus D7 Salivary Protein Prevents Host Hemostasis and Inflammation

Haemostatic Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Amaranthus hybridus on Wistar Rats

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