Physiology of Flowering in Apple and Almond: A Review

Hamid, Mehnigar; Hassan, G. I.; Wani, Ab Waheed; Mumtaz, Sara; Ashraf, Sabiha; Ahad, Shabnum; Wani, M Younus; Kumar, Amit

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.241

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Properties: Polyphenols, polysaccharides, phytosterols, pentacyclic triterpenes and mainly cyanogenic glycoside (amygdalin) present in different parts of the Malus domestica plant part, including the seeds, have shown effective in preventing some very common cancers like Hep-2 liver cancer and Caco-2 colon cancer by inhibiting type 2 glucose transporter (GLUT 2) 5,7,9,11 . Colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention was reported due to the cause of change in polysaccharide components that modified the LPS/TLR4/NF-Kb pathway [LPS-lipopoly saccharide; TLR-4-Toll-like receptor 4; NF-kBnuclear factor-kB] was observed due to change and breast cancer cell MCF-7 3,13,15,16 .…”

Section: Anti-proliferativementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioactive components like flavonoids, polyphenols, pentacyclic triterpenes, dihydrochalcones, polysaccharides, and a good quantity of proteins, lipids, and dietary fibers, and trace amounts of vitamins and minerals are obtained from different parts of the fruit 5,6,7 . Medical conditions like diabetes (mainly type II), obesity, neuropsychiatric disorders, several microbial and bacterial infections, inflammatory diseases and ulcers, digestive problems, coronary heart diseases, chronic bronchitis and even cancer 8 can be prevented by proper consumption of this fruit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Botanical Morphology: Growing in cool temperate zones, apple trees are adaptive to several climates and soil conditions, but they preferably grow in loamy, well-drained, deep soil (45 cm depth) with pH varying between 5.5-6.5 and receiving rainfall of 1000-1250 mm and having a summer temperature around 21-24°C during the active growing period. Apple trees are deciduous, have grey-brown bark all over the trunk, and branches are reddish-brown and have ovate, darkgreen leaves with asymmetrical leaf bases with curved and serrated leaf margins 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are harvested during late August as they require an adequately chilled climate for production, except for the species grown in the Nilgiris that are harvested from April to July. A period of 130-150 days is required after complete blooming7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Untitled

2023

IJPSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People throughout the world have long used various fruits, leaves, and plant parts as nutraceuticals and valuable sources of herbal treatments. Apples (Malus domestica) are a popular fruit with a high level of medicinal efficacy, whose seeds have also demonstrated a very high therapeutic and nutritional value when ingested in the right amount and form (apple seed flour or oil). Found in cold temperate regions worldwide and in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh in India. Malus domestica fruit, peels and seeds, when extracted in alcohol or acetone medium, show a high content of proteins, fatty acids, dietary fibres, polyphenols, vitamins and minerals, polysaccharides, phytosterols, pentacyclic triterpenes and cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin). Polyphenols like proanthocyannidin, catechin, quercetin, phloridzin are very effective in treating hyperglycemia, cholesterol, neuropsychiatric diseases, cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders. Another cytotoxic component present in the seeds is amygdalin, which shows anti-proliferative and antiinflammatory properties. Other than this, pectin, a polysaccharide (peel and seeds), phytosterols (leaves, stem, root, seeds), pentacyclic triterpenes (peel and seeds), along with other mentioned constituents, show high antioxidant, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-proliferative, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-depressant, antiinflammatory, anti-ageing and immunity-boosting activity. This review provides the prospect of utilizing mainly the seeds that are generally considered to be "waste" of this deciduous tree Malus domestica fruit, showing immense phytochemical components with lots of medicinal values, and thus provides new scope for utilizing its chemical constituents in herbal drug design shortly to treat acute and chronic diseases. INTRODUCTION:Gradually, with time and discoveries of inorganically synthesized chemical drugs, herbal medicines have created a new horizon in treating some of the most common chronic and critical diseases over decades. Due to very low or negligible side effects, most people prefer medicines obtained from plants, leaves, fruits, or seed extracts in the present era.

show abstract