Physiology of crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), associated with seasonally altered cold tolerance

Wang, Zinan; Yan, Chen; Díaz, Rodrigo; Laine, Roger A.

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.11.003

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To understand the potential distribution range of CMBS, its thermal tolerance was evaluated using higher and lower thermal limits, and it was predicted that CMBS could be limited by cold temperatures along the 43 • N [33]. The physiology of CMBS was found to be associated with seasonally altered cold tolerance [34]. * Numbers inside brackets are references.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Suitability for Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) Differed Significantly among Crapemyrtle Species

Xie

Knox

et al. 2020

Insects

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Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae), an invasive polyphagous sap-sucking hemipteran, has spread across 14 states of the United States since 2004. The infestation of CMBS has negatively impacted the flowering of ornamental plants and even the fruiting of some crops. Host identification is critical for determining potential risks in ecosystems and industries and helps develop strategic management. A host confirmation test was performed over 25 weeks using six Lagerstroemia species (L. caudata, L. fauriei ‘Kiowa’, L. indica ‘Dynamite’, L. limii, L. speciosa, and L. subcostata) and California loosestrife (Lythrum californicum). The 25-week observations confirmed all tested plants as the hosts. The repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA; Tukey’s HSD, α = 0.05) indicated that the average number of CMBS females differed significantly between L. limii and L. speciosa. The highest number of the females observed on L. limii was 576 ± 25 (mean ± SE) at 17 weeks after inoculation (WAI), while the highest number was 57 ± 15 on L. speciosa at 19 WAI. In addition, L. subcostata and L. speciosa had significantly high and low numbers of males, respectively, among the Lagerstroemia species. Our results suggest that L. speciosa could be incorporated in developing new cultivars with low CMBS suitability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Suitability for Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) Differed Significantly among Crapemyrtle Species

Xie

Knox

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…The damage caused by CMBS includes slow and weakened plant growth, leaf abscission, absence of flowering, death of branches, and, in severe cases, the death of the juvenile seedling or young crapemyrtle trees [ 10 ]. Another major issue with CMBS infestation is the accumulation of black sooty mold, which is caused by the honeydew secretion when CMBS nymphs actively feed on the plant [ 2 , 11 ]. Common treatments to control CMBS include the application of horticultural oil on the bark surface and root injection or drench of systemic insecticides [ 8 , 12 ]; however, the lack of information on insect biology of CMBS and the population dynamics related to its adaptation in the United States is an obstacle in managing this pest insect, as it continues to spread among southeastern United States [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common treatments to control CMBS include the application of horticultural oil on the bark surface and root injection or drench of systemic insecticides [ 8 , 12 ]; however, the lack of information on insect biology of CMBS and the population dynamics related to its adaptation in the United States is an obstacle in managing this pest insect, as it continues to spread among southeastern United States [ 13 ]. No host resistance to CMBS has been reported among Lagerstroemia species and cultivars, though different levels of infestations of CMBS can often be observed in the field, which can be caused by many environmental factors, such as temperature, shade, humidity, and the presence of natural enemies [ 11 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Preference of Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) on Different Species

Xie

Dou

et al. 2020

Insects

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Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS; Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) is an exotic pest species that causes aesthetic and economic damage to crapemyrtles and poses potential threats to other horticultural crops in the United States. Although previous studies reported the infestation of CMBS on several alternative hosts across multiple families in Asia, its potential threats to other documented alternative hosts remain elusive and yet to be confirmed. In this study, feeding preference studies of CMBS were conducted on forty-nine plant species and cultivars in 2016 and 2019, in order to gain insight into the expansion of CMBS distribution in the United States, as well as other regions of the world. The infestations of CMBS were confirmed on apple (Malus domestica), Chaenomeles speciosa, Disopyros rhombifolia, Heimia salicifolia, Lagerstroemia ‘Spiced Plum’, M. angustifolia, and twelve out of thirty-five pomegranate cultivars. However, the levels of CMBS infestation on these test plant hosts in this study is very low compared to Lagerstroemia, and may not cause significant damage. No sign of CMBS infestation was observed on Rubus ‘Arapaho’, R. ‘Navaho’, R. idaeus ‘Dorman Red’, R. fruticosus, B. microphylla var. koreana × B. sempervirens, B. harlandii, or D. virginiana.

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“…Lab studies have evaluated physiologically relevant proxies for lower temperature tolerance of CMBS, such as the super-cooling point; however, the lower developmental threshold for this insect is still unknown (Wang, Chen, and Diaz 2019a, 2019b, Wang, Chen, Diaz, et al 2019. For this reason, we used six different proxy base temperatures to estimate degree days to the first peak crawler emergence (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Population Patterns of a New Scale Pest, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae Kuwana (Hemiptera: Sternorrhynca: Eriococcidae), of Crapemyrtles in Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas.1

Vafaie¹,

Merchant²,

Xiaoya³

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental Horticulture

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The crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae, is an invasive scale insect pest of crapemyrtles. Crawler populations were monitored using double-sided sticky tape on established crapemyrtle trees in Tyler (TX), Huntsville (TX), Dallas (TX), College Station (TX), Shreveport (LA), and Little Rock (AR) from 2015 - 2017 to determine crawler activity and determine if degree-day models could predict the first peak in crawler activity. Difference in crawler densities on upper and lower branches of trees was also determined by using double-sided sticky tapes. The first peak in crapemyrtle bark scale crawler activity was between March 26th and May 22nd across all locations and years, with multiple subsequent peaks per season frequently found, suggesting multiple generations. Using the average date (May 2nd) to predict the first peak crawler activity resulted in the lowest variance and was subsequently considered a better predictor compared to any degree-day model. There was no apparent difference in crawler activity between upper and lower branches of crapemyrtle trees across an entire season. This study provides the first set of population dynamics data for crapemyrtle bark scale in the U.S. and will help with future bark scale management decisions. Index words:, Crapemyrtle bark scale, invasive insect, population dynamics, Lagerstroemia spp Species used in this study: Crapemyrtle bark scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae Kuwana); Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia spp.)

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Physiology of crapemyrtle bark scale, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae (Kuwana), associated with seasonally altered cold tolerance

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Host Suitability for Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) Differed Significantly among Crapemyrtle Species

Host Suitability for Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) Differed Significantly among Crapemyrtle Species

Feeding Preference of Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) on Different Species

Seasonal Population Patterns of a New Scale Pest, Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae Kuwana (Hemiptera: Sternorrhynca: Eriococcidae), of Crapemyrtles in Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas.1

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